Writing Skills For GRE-GMAT Episode 2 Part 2 docx - Tài li?u text
Writing Skills For GRE-GMAT Episode 2 Part 2 docx
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tcads ro:r tilc our ofbalance. Asa socicn, ve a.EUR slowh cominS ro reatize s,hrr mao\,aslurc psvchologisLrand medical pracrilioners hale known aI ilong: we afe er ou, besr ashumrns onl\. whcn wc srrijie I proper brtincc berwecn dre nxnd, bodt., udspinr The crll fof r balanced liJc is csscnrial\, a call for moderalion in allrhrnFsFor insL:lncc, whilc modcrale exEURrcisc improves ou, hcaldr and seflse olwell-bcing, ovcrcxcrcise and inrcnse cxcrcise can cause jriun, orpsvchological bumour, eilhcr ofwhjch dcfear ou.puposc by rcquiring us (odrscontinuc exercise ,lrogcrher. l_1ck ofmode.adon in dier can cause obesjq.ar onc er:rreme or anorexi:t at tlle other, cirhsr of whjch endanqcrs one,shedth -ard cv.n liJc. ^nd whcn i( comcs ro porcnurtlv rddictrve unces_alcohol, lobacco, and $e ti\e_ihe dclcicrious cIfecls of overconsumprionrc crear coough.The virtues of modcririon app\,ro wo.k as we . Srrcss associarcd vidr, hiSh&pressurc job rncrcrses onc,s \.ulncnbiliq. ro hcafl .liscasc and orhc,& physical disordcrs. Ard ovcrwork can rcsutr j, psvcholoSicat bumout,thcrcbt& icopa.dizing one&s job and carccr. Overwork crn cvcn k_ill, asdcmonsFared bv rhc atarningly hjg]r dcarh i&lte among vounsJapancsc mcn.ftrfll& of whom work 100 of more hours crcn wccx -Havjr8 acloovledged lhe wisdom of rhEUR old adare, I nevenbcjessa8rEURc thar undcr some ( rrcumsLrnces. ,nd lor some people, abandonbgmodcmuon mjAhr bc well jusriled. Conside! hov mrnv of rhc wortd.s tlrcll2ni:rtic crcxtions-in rhe visuxt arts, music, and cvcn tircr?rurc_would havccomc ro frurlion wrrhour irr.nsc, focuscd effon5 on rhe pan of l}lcircrdtors. Crcarive work ncccssadly involves a iirge measurc of inrenscfocus-a srntlc-mirded. ob&essrvc pursuir of .csrhcric pcrfecrron.Or, considcr aLhlcdc performrncc. Admj!tEURd].t,, inrcnsiq,-c.:n bc Coun.terproducrivc phen i! rcsulls in bumour or injuJl ycr vho could disi8rcclhar a gc&r aLh.lclic perfornurcc neccssffily.EURquirEURs Fear focus and intcffitr,_bolh in plcplarion ud in rtlc pc.formalcc j(setl? in shoft, whcn ir comcs roatl cLics, modc&](ion brecds mccliocriry, wllile inrcnsirv brecds cxccllcnccand vicrori. Fin l\,, considc. rhe incrcasirgty compcltrivc wortd ofbusiness.An inrensc, tocused complnv-wjdc effon is somclimcs nceded to cnsrrc 2compiny s compcolrvcness and cvcn sun,ivij. This is p;rrricut.fty t !c intodrv s rechnologv{.jvcn industr.jcs vhcre keepinS up wir}l (he Fanric paccof chrn8e is esscnri.l for atmost anv hj8h-rech firm s sulaiv:rlPet^an s , \r/n&&&g SkttLt.lo/ tbcdR r:/GIUT TcsBurou.Euo|suoeatd4 .rlnt,,:t!4 J.tttrlJdaqt .|)/ s tt| niut,//^ | s,uosrntdE&sr))lold t:)d ^rrJ x ol uortUinr pur: )ujrr rr)Lt) t(, t(()l!iiu,i,,^rp ^q LUop:)rl rrrqt urL&)&u(,) o) )soort:,; rn(n &trnpr^,FU, sr,q)tri^\Itlr u:^. r:1 ,{llss:)itl )rr!rou{)ii to ,ilr8rtl ur()q .r. s)un!tsuo:r q(,1I&trrtlrtitJl:& rno ;tp)llIL&py )ur&) rrrrt& rsrr ,i:Lt: Aortro sur.l:r u, ;Ir,r)(l(!ptn: $ruro)sn) pur stu.r| q]l^i slu5ur.rrSr r!:)til lo sull:l 14 s)^l.slrJ.ulur:rlsuoJ ol sr &;uouo)nE- rr)rlt )^rf,srrd or fta ,,(Jllo ,q, ,.q, ur,,.1ipjrrnb Aunras qot or 1u)oldurf,,Jlrs r rrcl orl^r .ldo)cl u:^3 .uro{ !uro)Il^r l)trj)lld Dieu Jno aj?qa iuraou{ tou Jo &urop)a4. ,ql ot ,ooJur,,ip[Jrs Jo &unr)s r$ Auur)Jrrd-sdrllsuoDrlrj llaur.ioldrr, l^rsnllxrolln r:tuJ lp:8ra m Jo tsol,{ -trasDuoJ !B!!uruj o)r4 lJ:uJ llurtunlo^5a&nJnpi s[ uaqr
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a-!_sJeuosud Burru lo{u3 gJrlFq .sltqrouo dn fuErrq Jo uoqs pov .slJr^.rd lnxnsn ,(Jlnq puno:8,{rld :rll ,:olrqeqroJ s.Iru ^u! rnorltra rx$ 538,{lJ!.3 ur rE srE3l ueJplllt:) _p!^lo^r4 sl .urz8ro )rods ! rou ro r)qr.qa-:rnpuotr roj salru uodn_psrr3i: ,(Il!runu, qsllqlrs:Itqt:glnur lqd tx sr.tstuno,{ lo dnorS x ,uorsldrdns rlnp! ,{ui rnoqrbur^! &punojS{lld pooqroqg8l.u 3ql irDrlt FqunJ ou )ioot pr)u auo .:f,rorl)lo r!op:){ u^{o rno flurrrlltsuoJ ro.; ecu:ra.;e:d Jno errrf,rrddn oJ,{qJ&&ux Jo )r.:rs r or&, trn^ro^ap
, &.&Jr&lT,llli&&&Ji;:a;r:;rartord or pap)ru f,r! rlopar{ uosltllllsuoJ f,lqluosrsI ,oN ila^aosrrq^\ .srr,a]1Jlsuo) lux ot jlroqJ Jo uropes{ stnlosqr r:lrrd plno^ aldo.dltql ulltr slqt s)op rn8 .s3trlrq uErilTrq s[ aJe?u J.lu:ulrpunj mo urolJSmds ot sEras ulopra{ loj rnsop !-lll rJloqtr Jo uropra4 uo s]tnrjtsuo:ltrlqruosrrnm :sgrcSr dn tsu ,,(pteurpp rJdoa,l .lIrJ ltqlgD^u_.sreldra sr 03 pun :uro) or pux Jtrrlrq pun uorurdo Jo .uotsslrdx?Jo-sutop)rrj i-cnptarpur crslq nrnb or sldu.rrr:&qr ,n sturoll l.rorsgy&.replo prr! urop9flJ u)c^Ltf,q J:)rJEJlq ! c!|uts rsnr! lr r^lrll ot Atrr)osrDxrror!f,p lux roJ rtrpro u,r !srr!)rq &os r^.naq I ilurrlJ trJirul I.qr rrq^\ JqssrJpref,::&ciroqo 7e iuop.5lJ rrnlosqy uo grnEllsuor .r.J.rd aldoad oC.uropaar:l uo srlr.crrsqo) &t *Ot]:;:;; .l I Itur^clur! Jo rsarrlu! &r .,, ,rrss.)ru .r-,rru,&. ;f&.:[H::;J;rDljo sr uonuJporu SuFuadsns ro SlruopLrtqc lEql J))ju)Ll,:qt qtLA JJjfEI &ssaulsnq poE sJ!1alq1t: s! r.Jf,ns sf,:rx ur ssf,Jlns,^DDlduotr ot prft rurur-qsJldrroJJE a DlaJl o) srutoJ tr ueq^r ,ssel.qur^rL{ .s)trrllsulnJJt) tsorur.pun ?ldof,d rsow roJ er!^p! punos ol stunourr: .8rpr: pto .r| .LUns utslnssr lu9 rvl:llljo 0z aloJ s^Vss: itdilvs, PART 5Our prcfcr(rrc! for,,n l socic.,r ,&&. &. *-li&&,:t&&&&&*. (r.& (N1r 1rc(don) or clroicc is (.&jdc&r.ccd tor scltimposcct -it 1&&1 * cl)ildrcn ir r plillround &ccoFnizc rhrsimt nced &&&& && &&&ll ]&i1- lcrurllions: rs & socicn \\&c rccosniz( thernvcnlion orrhc pcoDrc .;:.::.:ll:f&&& socictr& otrr sYstc,&,, or ra\\&s is rnoPenrirs moror *h;.r.&- &. ttln&pt *t insis( on bcinS bound b! rulEURs lorpropcm. ?nd & &*,,.1 .]li,l&&&t :rnd scllins borh r&&l xnd pcrson:,lrhcse rulcs, *& * ,0 ,:&l&::&: slrtcnrEURrrrs about otllcr pcoPlc vithoursecurin, of our propcm. T.&:&:1,T.,;:,HJ;:.&&&:#,:&; 1::&*, *.In sum. I agrec wjreisonabrc cons*iinrs onr:,-lf:.tunlanrcnril !sscnron rhr( pcopiEUR p&ercrsocic,)., lqc,.u, && *oj,jii l&n&&.u T&ll,ili,,i.&j&JJij.,lf :.f,&r.&:*prEscrve dral frccdom.lssur No. I 6ilfGovear-Eeat,s Duty to preserve Culhr.al TraditionThe spcaj{c.,s ctaim lrarsc cilics &,,,d. - * ;&.:&^?iiil :n&:crord: (1) cnsunns Lhe survivd ot &r; ,* &,-li&. o-1.I1&lu*l t&&ditions is & proper fti&ction orcurRrar tEditions ,o &u-i *ol* is neecled ror our larsc ci(ics andtrH.&:i,il$H;T&&HJi.#:,,&&jl,&&:f#1&r&:::::::;&&.&,:I#:,*r;::::iff5;-&111.&-o&u*& o noi a proper ro,c or govcm.csscnuar ro tt&&c survivat of lrr?:t ll*t such asPrrblic hcrJrJr aid 5 sq,atg5e(o cosurc rhar *.]&
ltjltlli -d ofnldons thatSovernme&t i,&s, oun&rcououslv ro prcscrvina -rl-ii]il*& thEURse obieclives shoua nor encni&tl,t& p&&t,& .&.*-o?i i-L&:-:*&&& &*&over& sovem&,,cnt cx&rlof posrcsmct,off , prioriucs, ano .rl-I-&l,t&t p*ro& lnidequrle resourccs c2l.l roroEURciiions as to wlich c,uo l-ol&l& & &
onscronrble ro rercFrrc normarivcor nccdv ro a fcw lc8ista,.rr,:.:lY Tott&o&s arc mofc dcscrvnS, vilulblc,of urrcprcsen .,dvc of rho&. &l,Lo-tf no t&o.&t & oou t cul rufc mjSh I bJmissuidcdr*&r&,o -,-t r&o, & -i,&i&&&&illlSii::& o*&rcc Arso resrsrators 3&; tooslatcs or or lobbyisrs wi* *I l&,I&&t*t &tenclas of d)cir homelowns andsccono,y. suusia,zinJ.:&il:,.ff:i,::: T::.: &&.&.&._, -&::itrl&# *f S T il:H T* ;!;;; ;;i &li ;:::&il:l ?, J::i::&TAI .& &. o&&.*,& &1Ji,L &J:,,,;: ::;n:.i:.:&*&.J, :r.nc Sovcrn_arcnr. Thc McdicIt&tr&. supponcd ;;; ;;.;&:i^1-ry1&&rr:r banrdns ftmirv or Renaissanccccnrul,, rhc o*&n. &.&, &li1i-lro and R-iphacl Du&ins the rqcntjcLlr;:t**.i1&:juilil: :iiiliri&ir&Ii:.r*I1:,1 ::?ilimcaia mogurs-;,ili::T -t&.&j^&-riom our ncs tcch&oros) ancri.rcs of Tcd Tumcr jrd L:rr C,rrcs. ln s.ron.Pctcrsar&s . \t/nu,,t Skitl, tar tbeG],,E/G,aUT Tcst\rh1 \ uoytt.ldlnn\r :t:tJ, ltlrtl:ldt)tt1 .11)t slttlc irt,trat I s.uoeztoalrng .rn6&oN lnssl!! .rq p)rtr.Il- rrr srs).J:rur lluos.r:d s uo ^rort u(,.iti:|r:llurpu)dlF .^rr))lqns sr ^\nt .rlt Jo ss)uJu,.l .r| .!oqs ut .pD)rdur rrr: ,trtr:rnrI: rltlr.Ll ,soq^\ slu.prs)r s.uoJ8:r .qt Jo sts)rrtur grr!soddo ,q, $
.^\ sr:sr)urolsn) pui sar,{old!u, .sr:u^\o s.;ul:dr!o) ttlt Jo sts?larur :^DJrdsJr itlltrrr: ilr)s ty &r:)rrDlldruor Jo rsoJ rlll r()l ttrsurdLUo:) ot strnpord srr J{, itD(l:qr .sN rJU! ro rsql:totJl: uaop rnlts ro s:r,ioldLu, Jto /irt o) prf,rot )q 116!tu^Jorrr.t.qr lluxdu&or )rp rol l]rsor rq rq8rtU uoDr:tn5r .qr q1r^ BuritdurorrDfl-rl)pr\ Jtlqnd r).rord or,iU.r!lr piLEURrs.n;)I: s^\rt rlrns !r^u;qrr)u rotur tlrua u!);rotf,rJ srruJJ. $u)nUJ: Jrxol eqr srlqnSor ltql arl E.cldurr-x: roJ Jfplsuo) .s:s:jetu! Sutt:duro:) Buollr[ a)u[pq r aluls ol sr srrr.rl Jouo!rJorUJrlqr aqt &/it.1tos rpucoruip t ur .ip r.Uv&plftq tx !nss! Jr8al cqt ur&r)jxl( ro tsrlrlu! lruosj.d s.)uo uo spurdrp aslx,{rrl rJo sslllllJ JILL&)sn! * sart qJns L,3!^ tqEURrur sur.$^s rnlxi r)qro qrra slrnpurDtn cl.qa&rsnlun sE.rlorJtr uotuoqE lrx uruloa Sr4aofx saEt ^ro!^ or pucr sJrltrqsnor3rrf,r rrlnrtllld rpr^r gfDnphrDlrl .uollloq! Jo rnssr flrsrr^orluof, ar]t&:lduj!r:r loJ leprsuof -surop:::y puosrd or s)uroJ !r u)qa crul lluf,fdsrsr sr(LL rua)s,G )nl!^ lluos.rrd s,auo uo spued:p aq ,(ut Jo ssJUJlq rql nse prraronqSlu)s E lt.Jlr sr lsnlllm ro rsn{ $ a.xt r r:rpcqa lsqJ&rrqojrr En)t Jo st.r)ur FrJuurqlllxllurrod pu! 3^lt)5Jt.Ul lrr spu.urlotrrr tl .tlpuof,rs prr. lsnfrm rolsnl rgqrp sE,rxl ,{u! srzgoStrrrtr ,{l8uor^! tt .1sIJ .srrrdsf,r o^! rI
rxf,rlxoool sl tu)ljalcts slul &r{or^ ft! ul .sruo tsnlullr,{aqoqp ot osF lnq s^\rl tsnll:qo lpo tou 01 Anp ! sul uorred qrre ,turrxrlus sJ1]lt o: Butpro))ysAEl lsnrun ^aqosro olt7.f,r.lqdrsl. f,p,qn qJrqa,srrolttpElr l!.rnrJntrl)upsrD Jno uo 3rruraq ellll 5^rq plno,4r sJprt ai_rcl Br,rlsrssr .Je^oeJoR .spur.sr{t pJrrdot AlssaJru atruusrss! lusurur^o8 sl Jou isuoltlprrt Fjntlnas uoDcu
It 3u:^Ds5ld ro SuDourord JarjtrJ Jo 3to&nd lqr,oJ stprJ f,3lrl&tnrsrssr An91l,,(fixrrudosoFqd touutf, tu:u !r^o8 .s!s,{lxuE frrrg.rq) ul .srrrlln) .suorrxu Irqto Jo suoDJplr f,qr .ztptsqnsor Jlr^\ sx rrruJn) trqolS E cttrD or Btndlaq lllxru:r s1 ruetourero8 r: ,sarrrr&.fuxl SuDsrssD,{q&,{iSqpror)r&:eod,u3rs fsn:p5rrfrur liizhuass) arE srnrrrurpolJ JIr lfU_V &suolllpEn JLrrUlrc rlL.rlslp 9,uol][u .uo qrra cJo(UlU.c op o)!l]ll sEq rruFD A!a-8lq lng Jtsnlu pur &rrr|lr)rlq:)JD .rJ! tuau.fut)cJd 9,ppoa)qr rsEoq puE &,(rldsrD .trsod.p ra.Dq,!&.JE s.Fp 3!q :.u, qtlq& roj sr5tuorrno sr 5^r.s op rettl) rno .,{Ip3Dlupy suoF.r Frru pu! suaot tlxurs urp!:tsll uo)&nq-s.luour:Dc pur .sruolsrD ls8uos puo]llp!-J) .sullr .ui XloJsrt-suoEIpErr JEjrulnr r)L.trqp s,uoltlu r &,{xpoJ suoFrprJl FJrulntr s,uotluux roJ sJrrErrDl&ls pur puno:8 Sqprr.rq ljsrljsd cqt sx 5ll.s srtr!) cfurl rrqtsrsf,83ns ,(pEIUn Dlxrds rqr ,,{ptrEuodujl rsou, sdDrlrd p!rl: .,{tf!ulJ&p:)ouord pux pauesrd a:r suolrrpr_rt lr:&lrulnl Jno Irrl) )rnsu: ol:urr.rur rou pr)u ru?luur.^o8 os puD &trpor ll.a prrr r^(iorrnuxtrqdI l,ls3nssr 3rJ9]vogio 0z uoj sAVssS l.tdhJVsPART 5Thc sccond fundxnrcnlrt probtem \virlii:;.&:tT&Ii*r#,l&.&.ff illi:t,.#l*:ir$ffi:H:il.&.11&&;1& .:,,::.:::. :T*.j l:&,n &, *&&n .&*,u.&,, &urrcc.ridcrs onr! compc, ;;;;;:^ rs to Pcrpcluatc thc svsrcn- -0&, . ** nj.f&;;. ;;;;;&;;;,&& ma&n!!in tax &rcs nI hiah rcvcls. l :: &::,1,.1 ^&;,_.;;;-;;;;;,&i,i;i ,ll&j,l,lllli&,I,xll-ilJusunlnB a viotrrion of onc son ofta\,. .wc nnd *&o*, &, &-&i,pp.iir,&iilonard srncrionirg aI Lvpcs of illcgal bchavror, llrcludinS csrcFious c.jminrlconducr. Rcruming ro rbe xbonjon exa,srroott! opposcd. *. ,*.0 r.n j.&npic mcntionc\i abovc. a nersoniircrrr brockinS &t , &, . l&- &ri&T Pos&rion miShr mrrntii&& rhrr thc:&::9&:i&&*;& &;,;&&&&&;:;;ili,:&T&;T:&j&;:&,#&&T:#:iiii:idH&:f:t&1&H&r i:& &.ffi ;}.;.i.fil potcnrial murdcr.In sum, because tle inbcrcnr funcrron ot our laq,s is ro bilancc:,.&T_:Ii
:&:, ^asonabJe pcoptc wirh ,:ir Ir, p.to.i,i.& *dr-Ji&)-oorsagrcc abour thc faimess of spccinc bws. AccorOingty, radtcd action suJb;.l;:tr& ;:::::i1i:::::: T?#::&.0 -*&ri o1& &&. & ;;; ;;:I&:&,-*&J& &; ;. ;; ;;::ilH.ilL:,::Xl ;:&,,T1&$:;&-::J&&jftlwritirS s/:tk ./or n eGIU/GLL4T TesLrlssur No. 25Wtrar Should Be the Focus of Med.ia?ThEUR speakcr asscrrrscnsa$onrt evcnts, ,h. -, s&, nrher rhan mcrcly h,ahljrhrmc ccnainimpo*i cvEURnEs -\r;h,,. ;-$:Ili f:&*&TliT ::;ff :nT,&,i:st ndpoinr. in thc find anaupon ro., i-p,o&ion|rytiJ: j&:_.I&&rTi.#.oi,1ii&1i,,i,&.*r,,.,rwo rcssons. Firsr, wilhotelaocccl accounr of culrcrr! the benefir of a compierc. un _ricrea, ard- eod jnrclrse,,r .pi,&,o& .ull.l&,T,&l l&i5 impossible to dcvclop an ir ormcdnrm.,o con*ibu,e mc&dilI,:&J#: &&::,: :f .#:lli ;:&.:.ff , Jbroad panicipationin an orcou.sc- Thc cnct rcsulr o, J.*.139 oto&.tt &o&ut such issues to stcer a propcrrcrcsarc u]e qlos! irnpo*&&I-1&,,T1& &?*&&t &nbJormcd PeoPle is rhat er&ecxccutivcs wrro ma,& o. -&; :::il:liil1idtur or rcsidi tors jurisrs, a&dsccond, by focusins on tbc -sensarionat&_ul, vi.il *. ,,& &o&&* ro mcan compamtivcly shockinS, cntcnainin8, *O ,Orr*f .r.&i& _*casily carch onc,s anenrionrnsuncts, Fther dr:Ln ro .rr::,&-l-,1 appc:rr to our cmolions and basc!rnteltccr :lnd reason, An), obsenanr pcrson couroun) suou,Ia.l)InIrla(u )o[ sit!tls ;;uft!!A\^)ql sn JEJOSuT-S:uo lruotl)lt urq) -rlEll&;lll&:l,lll,&lllll j&,lr jl,3j:;1t-::,,r,i ;,i::r&1i,fi ::;:iil,Ilil1jiti:g::t, :,nrilffiir&lir:r*:T&rotLl ror sSurI:( tc.rrrors,q r,&, ;t:,.rt,,,:l::il&L:: #},&ji:r; :ii:::i t. :::.r. :]L, r x:, ru,, tr, :,&:,&l;&&&jill::1 1 &&il: :::T&T&T ffi #HTJiti :T.l ilx&:i il Ji: #ilj:tXiIi[i:&&Tr&.&.&#,i&#*#,Ts::r.*ii:lir*r#,;ilJ& ;i :&i;,#* &;& ; ;;;-&;,&.&&&.H,&;1i,&;.1 ::n::::6C;ilf#.i.il&ii.,,&;ll-*,ff 1TT&1&:-d#&l]ffi :i:1:e&a tcq,* aurpuo:d t1:;:;i;&;;;.;;& ^&& &snql p&eMp lllros t,.E x L&rl,&u 3q, ul .,,q,.u.,,&,ou. l, -fi ;& : jlrl* :i:iiiT [iT ;:**j:&:,#:liiir.T 1x3& fi .H&#jli:*T? j#ffi :il;:i.:.&T:i:&&!i;:i&*.f ::l##;T.T*&t,ffi 3Ii;lffi ,To) p)Dru.u.d Jo Sqrn^! .rgnt rrp)urii#;F;iT#ff x1*#*;:I:nrrH#&.:h:,:r:rtrne ptnt rft) ruoftn:su.aa: rwuo:1.;l.jJfi _J:JJ*;X,&ffi .j.,Jr_*i&_.,Hilif ;&;Ti;:**+U&*1* ;*:: ntsin:,:f:xn #r s)uroJ.q 1r .r.c.l Bl&|ssrd qrlr qrra !:fi ffi ji&j:&.:&.x ;,,,,- X&gl tlJ::f$jt, ffi,;[ ::.1&.:& 1 :t: & * $&J ;ff :? J;;l&J S Jff H:#;;).r::rrflotr s,A:Itros, irlruLr:pun ot sJr& L,,ar pux Jahfiq tt uo,iDN aqro, &,J:: 1&,&.&, pu!) qql -@r,rr. ,_,r r,64_uon,.ln .,* && .,;:;,;;r:&1;l;:J.&.* =& *,slunoJJy rerqrpJ ,s^ s)FO^t a^neIrISsEJ&oN 3nsslstnsst 3u5 -lvt3lJJo 0z ccj sArS:b_.:fi&flPART 5rr( morc objcctivc. IJul rhrs docs nor msrn dlxr frcruirl :ccounts provjdc a&morc nrcaninStul picrurc of !hc human cxpcricncc.& To rhc conrr:lq, on\&im:tFinilifc \vorks (xn bnnA I ll|:Loncaj pcnoJ rl|fe-br \\&:&i of cre,triv(rools such as iml8cn and poinr of vics,. And_ onll.imlgbirjve works c.nprovidc mcaning ro hisroricil cvcnts-rhrouAh thc us( of dcviccs such nrsvmbolism rnd nrcLilDhor.Scveml c)iampJcs fronr lircr:rrure serve (o illusr|atc lhis poinl. Ts&ainsnovcls rfford us n s.nsc of ho!\, ninelecnrh&cnrun juissourj would hxvc?pPearcd through thEUR cvrs of lo.velr-old bots. Mclvilles Bilt.).Bud.l Fiycsthc rcadcr ccniin insights inro \,hxt rrirvel on rhc hiSb sc:ls mighr h:rv. bccnlikc in ca.licr ceniuries. rhrough drc eves of r crcqm2n. ^nd ihc cpic pocmtBcotruu ^nd Sir Gaua&, and tt&c Grccn Xnr6r/ providc djmpscs of rh.rclationships bcrwecn wariors and fieir kin8s in medievai rimcs. Bare fac6abour thcse historical c|as are casily forgenable, whereas crcaii&rc slorics ardponnyals such rs t}c ones menrioned abovc c.]r be quite mcmoiibhindced. ln other words, whar truly Llsts arc our imprcssions ofwhar lifc musthavc bccn Iikc in cc(iin places, rr ccrLlin Limcs, aJld under ccnainconditions. O, y imrginativc n&orks can provide such lasrjng impressions.FJnmplcs of imponant fi-Lrs urdcrscore the poinr thrr crcarivcaccounts of thc human cxpcriencc hold morEUR lasrirg si8nificlr)cc drzn barcficlual accounrs. Consider four of our mosr mcmorabtc and ir luenlid fd,.ns:Citizen Kane, Scbindler&s List, Tbe Wizar.t of Oz, al],d Star Wars. Didwcl)es fiction2l poftnyal oI publishEURr Wr.rn R.ndolph Hcarsr orSpiclbc.S&s fictional poftra)&al of a JEURwish sympathizer during rhc holocalsrprovidc I morc &merningful pjcirrre of humln c-\pcrience& rhan a histor_rtEUR}ftbook? Did lhese ,rccoun6 help gire &shxpe and focus& ro reality morc s0than newsreels alone could? lI so, s&ilj rl)esc works hold morc &lasunSsjgnficancc& tha! barc factual accounri of rheiame pcrsons and cvcnts? Ithjnk anyone wbo has sEURcn these f&lms would lJ)sver aU rtucc qucsrioilsffirmativciy. Or corsider n)e wEard of Oz ^nd Star Wals. Borh films, andthc novels from whjch they vere adapred, a.c bure fantasj. Yct bor}! tecr!with symbolism and mEURraphor rcladng ro lifc&s joume_\&, rhEUR bunm spiri!ffid our hopes, dreams, and ambidons-in shon, the human expe.icncaThcrcin lics the rclison for rheir lridng si8niicancc.ln sum. wilhour plior facrual accolrnls, ficrional vorks scr in hisroric2iperiod5 losc much of their mcanirS. Ycr only through thc cxcrcise of anisri(licerse can ,wc convc]& human .*lefience in aJ iF djmensioDs and rhcrcbttull)& undersund .nd appr-eciarc lJe ir orhcr limcs lnd placcs. And ir iJhuman cxpcricncc, md noi barc facc:r:d fiFures, rhar cndurcs in ow mindJrt/rltirg Sk ts |or tlxCItt/G\UT T.tnrD1!u.PeteBoB.@milil|!/ t|st&, t\o,14 ntnt.1 t!1\tt tvl;i_.pIr5np. ilru)- rruo)r{m*[ril.ffi*ffi*fl,&f:*ffi $,r.^r# ; :lffi ii.lrxl:retj# .i ifi ;;,i;;ir&,il[,&*ffi r:fji+:,:|:,.Jjffii:.;ttr; i*;;i&**&*;;;;j; ;;L&iil ff j[. .,.Y*;i#;&ffi ld,{#:,fr-,i,j*if,&iir &t:&&#iT.r,*,*.#*#,rr,r,&.*;iiifii:-i; j*-*i$-#t iffi*t, **:_ _xl#-]#-:fr #,5:i:.&-+:.ru?runrg6**nr$turi*#.xm&j:,.i;;;1&ji1i&,#tr$,=,,1ffi&.i&,&#*{rilft+j***fr+*iil#*lffitrd, - i&o&&&&oi ffi*&j&iJTl&iil:3i*&oou sr rur*d.slnss, :uo -rvllrr,o oa.roJ sAvssr irdrJvstt &oN lnsslfflilllssur No. 47Pragmatism vs. Idca[smI ltrc( \&irh ll)! rticr insotirr :rs r p clic:rt. prrgmalic :rfp()xcl,rosifd our cndqrvors cin hch Us sn^,n,c in lhr shon rerm. Howcvcr.jdcalism js jusr xs ctucixl-ir nor mok so-for long-rcmr succcss in an).cndcrvor. s4rclhcr al b( in rcad(mics. busjncss. or politicat and socirlrcfornr.\r,.lrcn ir co&)cs ro icadcmics. srudcors s,bo wc would consictc,pr:8m;rrc reno nor ro purs c in educ.rjon for irs own sakc. Insread, dlcl.reno Lo cui sr:rrever comsrs rrc ocedcd ro oprimize their gmde avcngc andsurvjve rhc cuffcnt rctdcmic re.m. llur is dris xpproacit rhc onl),wal.rosuccecd academiclllv? Ccnrinla not. Srudcn$ who cxmcsrl), pu6ucirtcllccrusl padrs rhar lrul,v interesr rhcm lle morc lilel). ro come asat, witha mmnjngful ind l:lsrin8 cducation. to fact, x 6cnsc of mission abou( onc&sarca of f:rscinalion is srron8 modvlrion to paniciprrc acrivc\, in ctass a.f)d rostud) cl&nestly, bodr of which conldburc to bcEcr gndcs h rhat arca. Thu!alhough thc idcalisr-srudcn( migbr sncrilice a high ovEURrj.lt Erade 2vEURmgc, rhcdepth of knowlcdgc, :rsdemic disciplinc, and scnse of purposc t})c srudcnrgaios will sc|c lhnl studenl wctl laler in lifc.ln considcring rhc busircss world, ir mighr bc morc rcmprin8 ro agrc?wirh rhc spexkei aftcr all. isn&t busincss tundamcn6ly abour p.&gmatism_rhi( is, &ActLing rhe job dooe& aod pxyinA i(cnrion to dre ,.borrom lirc&)Emphxricill), no.
d.nrrEURdll, rc cvcryday mrcllnations ofbusircss arc venmuch !bou( meeling mud-ne shofl.rEUR.m !o3ls: deadlrcs for producLionsrcs quot-rs, profir margins, and so fonlr. yer underpinnirg thesc activicies isthc vision of thc compiov s chicf executivc-a vis&on r.bxr mighr cxrcnd flrbcvond mcrc proli! maximizarion to the wnys in which thc frrm ca.rl ma-ke Ilasring zrd mcillingful conuiburion ro rhc corrrrnuniF. ro rhc broadocconom), and ro ahc socicn is a wbole. Withou! a drc&fo o, vision-thar jj,witbout suong idcrlis! lcade.shjp-r. flfm can easil), bc casr abour in tic sc:of commcrce widtour clear dircanon, threareninA not onlv thc firm&s botrorDtnc but also i- veD surviv3l.Finalt, when it comes rc rhe poliricat arcnx, a8ain ar 6fit blush, irmight appear that pragmarism is rhe besr, Lf not the onh, vzl& ro succecdlilost politicjans secm drjvcn b] rircir inrercst in bcinS elecred 2ndrcclcc.cd-thrt is, in surwivinS-nrhcr thal] by ary scnse of mission or cvc!obljtllion ro$cir conslirucncy or cQUrD,. Drplomeric and lep.l nuncuvcrano nc8ourtrons ohcn appear inrended ro mcEURr rie?mc{icjl nceds ofpartic5 involvcd-minimi?iri8 cosLs, prEURscrving oprions, ind so foft.h. Bu!is jdcalisr-s-nor pmgmarisrs-who sway rhEUR nusscs, inci!c revolulions,make poli(ical idcologr&rej!ry. Considcr idcalisE such as Ancrica,s foundcnIlahilma Gandhi, and Manir Lurhcr KL:rg. Had ihcsc idealisrs conccthcmsclvcs with shon.rEURmr survird and irnmediare nccds mrhcr thrn Mtheir notions of xo ideal socierj, thc Unired Stalcs lnd lndia might sn anuulrarcBoB onlEGRE/GNUT Tttk)1 rIoe.1tad11t,1,t &&SAJ JYAIn,
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,r.,&1t]i&O,jitlslnss tu9 tvt3ulo oz uoj SAVSS;3tdl{vsItlPART 5Ho\\&recr. lionr hi\r(,n.i. $( l(rrn n,,r rn r:rt., cu.n1 ,\ r(||!jlr(: x (ljj,&illl. ri& u,,,,cr\r ,i,(,,nF ,l&, ,, &;_ ,:,;, j,1;Ji. :, & ;rnndo, nr rn .,,,.^:;:; ;;;i ;:,,:;,,: l;i.&::&;1,i&i,&&l:.:: -::.:11rn entithrcncd:]n(ricnc, 6r i !,sir ro rr)c sfoccn.sro!( ,,,r,) rn r)on)r.e,ll,il Il;,&lllll-ll :&gnceri rno&;;;.;.;;:,,;. .;:il:T&llijii.l&&rn l)ontagc ro d)c mrnrilj.ill.i .::&:y:( porsib c (,di&& ;.:&.;; ; ;i;,,#,.&JlJ,il:frccdonr ro So rbour orrr 0.,& ,_.&&, &&unucrsriodurc o,,. n^r,r, ,, _., ir[ci] :rs \.( choosc ont]. b):&.:::y:: ::: Ti&ci& &cn& lF(,& &, :;;&, ;:&,;;& ;:;:l: .il 1.&::lo cl(varc our evcnoif cl)orcs ,& &&&, - r&&_ &!irrF IIi&u&\ can scn.en,nr.hr. &&^-: ^,._ ,,L,,(r. nror( inrcresrjnE. rod n)oftenJol?bte expericnccs.]:&::,:^,j.^:l:l*l frirs ro ,ccornizc rhJr m x
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&&ii &l-, &&i&&&& *&*:, j;:. ::,i.,norc hum,&_r&,d, ;&,,u -0. ;;; u;;;,:.,.,.,&J,rT&:lssue No. 55Techlology laileg to Hetp Humanity progrcss?Hrve tcchnological irno&&,io&. &r,i& ,,&. j-&_^. r^. ,,^-^._ _ ,& &, &,. ,/\r cenrury friled ro bDng abourffjj:T:j:::::a: _ * ,, &&i &,&&*iffi-;; i:;:.:T:i::13&l:fl&:Iii. llmalcl& prcvcnr ; ;; ;;;;&&&& &;,3T 11*l.trll,t:1&:. ::.ount fo. rhe .,.,,r&&.,,.o&&.,,&,i. ;;:.::;l H:il:1TT::::*.&::,&o&r,u&&*oru,;on& ;&&;il&&;&;&:&,::i&&,i:l e-ar tcasr in rhe dcvetoped wortdHas.,.&f J:&#.*1.,.:Jr:[#r**iti.;H:::T:3:,::r:&111l&*.#HF *:::-Tff : &.x-&::&iJ!&*:&:l-&-& &:ffi::&:&l:::ffi?::,:&*il* ffi ;Jii::ij$l.rlliTl :-:ff &li,.&T, ilil*&,&Ji;ITIiXiy:L: :;:::l,T::il :: ill]:ffi: Il;EURnrbtes compurers ro map f:nh,s Seorrm ::.*&.f r_ *#; *#::JT&J,ff t.}j:i.&:;;hlr,naniry,srhebencnci,&r*:;;;;;T:.fl ,&Jt:.1.].l.i:,&l,&T&I1]ff:ff.#,::i- ,cch,orosy_rr.omprosrh*o _o .o_ ,,?&,0*o i&*JT J:.1&&: *:&,&n&::i:: &::?:1& * hc,pins,o reducc hum&n$i#&!:nr**r.;#r##i:.:r,nl*:#i;pcoplc fturdcrcct and mx,mcd hv xromrc bl:rsls. t4ore rcccnrt\,. !hcPetc4on s t \i!/ritihl Sk ts lot tbccxrtcttir rest)ttr.1111 s1tt.1\ r t)uat , s.uo,tr,, ) trr&e)t.1t .r.u.,:u9rf,ir!ru:rtrs rnO i)rD:t^\()ur1 rqtrurrrs rn() ut s{.rfior(t ,^\ ^rou .trrdrurxer&,1 r)pr&uo) tr.\rt t,:rrr.t^r r u(, srrt,J(rr u(l :)l.r.,uu(l r!ur& srrltrrrnorqr ,ir.(& sn s&n\ r*lr qrud r,)rxtr *p puLr sn ,.1 ilffllil&oHl:i)rI ur sr^l)srn(& Ji^o)(rp ostx ,^\ ]nq .qtr^\ :lqDlxlu()r l(nr a.lr pur: Jrr:r^\ ()tt^\ r)^orslp.^! op,ituo iou sdlllsuortrtrr n:lrt.J tt inorrll
ru)Jr.lop!J() lirrxd pux urd rrr tEqr srf,tunoru: lt]r]os pllj^!,1^rl] to stros )qlJo /il&n\ ;q ;tuorno r;^oJsrp .^ sru?rsf,topr sy .m!3r pu, urrin u^!op .Su,llq ,iq llu^ or^rort urrrt r^\&srnqut s\ pooqrlnpE r{Snorqt poc,qptlllr,itlu: LUolt sur:urnrl r-u:u:dx. lrn,Uaar rno q)r^r sprorrc uo.ru:ruo) )rtt .qr,^ urli:q ot.Jo^x:pu) uEurnq Jo su{llr II! ui ,sslrSord rtut Dul: fu^oJslD;cj uolEphot Ar^ rqr sJp!^ord :o::&pur 1r:9: ,t.nrl t&rr,-a & ,o ,&q,m.@o_trr ^ro)stq .ltpuo)9s .raru)g.dx: l[uosrrd rno A,^.pJo&rr r, ,_3suorrjr oal roJ .uo!lu.tuo) sfr.ll qrJA !rr8i: ltiuo:rs t .s:rytsnu qfno:rp;tuo.pEaj r! ss)rgojd pu! A.^o)s!p rEqr spuetuoJ lr4rads cql2ssa:3o.r4 puu Lra,rorslg roy &cssarap sJ{ErsTW aJvgg .oN rnssl.,,b!r.&!Lunq roJ ss3riord rx.lr rnoqE rqSnorq peepul o^Dq suorrB^ouutlc)JSololrqrrl luaJlr-la^fl loJuroJ pux 8rrh.rJ Jo prpurts Jtu ouof,aJo su.urt rrl-,{J,dolJ!u Jrot! &ss!3ojd& cuurp 5116. tr .&rna^oH &]rrdr.ajslql rI Dr.r.roJ sl luaur)lrls aqt .snql .latp rr[c Surraorr,S,re rpaua6lo uoqsuoltx^otrl,r fDrEURolourl):t ou rl)rurtd .ernlru uxurnri uro{ 5rruds ;larDu4llnsJutrlor^ pnn .,,bla^od .rDA sx q)ns srxelqord gullnpua .r]lns uIrrrur)suor qroq puE :le^oi ,orurof, o* ,.,&n ,&&illi,fil]ljt:&^&##.i!rl suo&rnlo^f,r rrtndtuor prrl: llgrsnputrlapouj aqt q)oq .srurlrquo ssrl)riru.^.N .sravoaoJ pur ,,r.rJrmu:ulo) ,ll,urrj ruolJ,l&^i uonurrripux Junl lno sJlrjs pux ploFJ^O UoDlurloj:ul spa)lq l5uDI& 5rjl puy .Iro^trreqt rlloiJ sDlroa ourl-llqurassE Jo uoDlurltu }qr q ,.q,orrV .qrt&.q ,ttqnaor tr9Jrrt stl pux uo.rrnJlod lnucruuo.4au: s1 iguSojd 1ru:o rrnpo:dlq,*_&u_.:o &slsor rnoqrla euo:r- rou suq s.::sora q:oq ,nor f . -or ssrJ)r lEs!^run :p!r! r^!q puD :sarJrua^ prJ=r&,o,,iloijir&&l&]&&L&-r#:^.: jT &{& Jo uirc)p rq1 r& p)pm e^ELt :slsEr !^trDrdrr SLTulo}rd^q rlrn) Jno dn s:{ prdlsq !^rq srrrndlllor .ttrurr:.r rol4 .srru)ru.^uo)_ 11:^.* a Erorrrld r prnddns p(f .qr^o.EUR r.LUouor) nr)!lnunj&&sqol ssJDlmor prrrJrr SrruruJEmt&!ur :un_llqLu)ssr pur uonrnnold Isrl& J.)u:^p! f,q.L suoptu podolr^:p Jo ta^.t ]lojruor pu! 3ur^n Jo prlpuEr( tTIlr^o,qr pr:)tr[qu) slq uoox^oum FaEURolour.ltrer AruusJ,rltsltur^! .))u)lor^ pw&,or9^od .Jra 8Llrur^:rd ln suol]Erru&Jl s.lSolorrqJJt ,qpuEtgqle:oN-ilruE(Unq loJ srssol 1au ot lrmouJr r&!r LrsluJrqro,q ul ,sf,rur^pr& pJl,El_osItrlr rno srurod r))qfnlts urrunrt roj suodura lrJrusqr to *. t_*.jtr&,tlslnssr SaJ9 tvt:)ljio oz uoJ s^vsst ltdnvsPARI 5mcthod is cssEURntiallr a clll for progrcss rh.ouph rrial and error. Anv ncs,rhcon musr be tcsrrcl br empirjcal obscn&lrion rnd musl $,ithsran.l rigorousscicnrific scrurin\&. Mo.eovcr. lhe hisro4&of thcorEURrical scicncc is csscntiallt.x hislon of rriil nnd c.r.)r. Onc modcm c)ilmplc inlotvcs nvo conrrirl,tbcorics of ph\,sics: w:r\&( theon,xnd qurnrum rhcon. DurinF thc trsrquancr&enrun. scicoiisrs har.e been srnrgglirg ro disprovc onc or thcothcr-o. ro reconcilc rhcm.
s ir rums our, ? nrw sc!&i ed &sking, rhco4shows $!r rhc quanrum aod vavc thcorjcs arc mjsrilics in rhc sensc rlrircech onc is ioxdcquarc ro explain thc bchrlior of , ycr bothso-c&lled &misl.ikcs& werc nccessan for phvsics ro aduncc, or proSrcss, rothis ncwcr thco.J.Thc vrluc of rrirl ano error is no( lim&rcd ro r}|c scrences. Ln Bovcrnmcrrard politics, progress usually . comcs ?bou! through disscnsioD andchrllcnSe-ih2r is, when pcoplc point our tlc misukcs of rhosc in powcr. lnfact, wit.t)our our chalenging rhe mis!&kcn norio.s of eslablishedinstimdoni, polirjcai oppression and ryranny would go uncheckcd. SimjlarlLjnlhcicldsof ciLjland ._ ;,rris6 and lcgislr::-tn -1)rh. . rjr:&dcfend lcgal precedcnr musr ,:; oppo.ii i:- :r i-!to: - Ni:question thc faimcss and relevmcc of currcnr laws. This ongoing chillcngcis criricrl to thc viulity 2nd .clcnnce of out sysrEURm of laws.ln sum, thc spcakcr coEccdy asscns lhar ir is through misukcs rh.rdiscovcD and truc progrcss are made. hdEURcd, our persona,l groEi.h ?5individunls, as wcll ar advances in sciencc, govcmmcnq and lair,, dcpcnds onm.aking mistalies.Must we choosc bcwcen Frdirion and modemizarion, a5 rhc spcakcrconlends? l agrEURe that in cEURftain cajes, tlc lwo are fnurually cxclusivc Iotthc most pafi, ho\rcvcr, modcmiadon does ror rcjecr F in fac! j,man! cascs, lhc formcr can and docs cmb.acc r}lc laner.ln t}le frsr place, ollentjmcs, socallcd &modemiarion& is acrualll& ailorlcnsron or new ircra.ion of rradilion or a v:riidon on iL This is cspccialtitruc in langraSe
law. The modcm EnSlish tajlguage, r,,r spirc of i6g]:ny words thn are unique tomodcm \yEURs!EURm culnuEUR, is derivcd from, ,ndbuilds upon, a uricty of lingurstis r.adons-and u.lrimarcly Irom th. incicnt Grackand l-alir laIlguaScs. Wcre wc io insisr on rcjccting ladirion:liJt favo!,of pucl)& modcrn llngugc, wc would hevc csscotiatly norhing r0sey. Pcrhaps afl cvcn molc sll.ikin8 mal.rj2gc of modcmianon and rt?dtlionB our ststcm of laws jn thc U.S., wruch is dcepjv rootcd in Engtlh, common&Iaw principles of cquiry and jusricc. Our sysrcm rcquircs tha! ncs,.so-callcd &modem& laEs be consisrcnr wi*r. rnd in facr buitd uoon. t&I1oil,-E| t | ::1T:111.&. u *.&& riadition aad Modernizatio.?wtlting Sk ls Iot thGRE/GMJIT T&&I&
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