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已有人收藏法国Puyricard，IAE Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management附近最好的的6家酒店 -From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aix-Marseille University (AMU; : Aix-Marseille Université; formally incorporated as Université d'Aix-Marseille) is a
located in , . It was founded in 1409 when , , petitioned the
to create the . The university as it is today was formed by the merger of the University of Provence, the
and . The merger became effective on 1 January 2012, resulting in the creation of the largest university in the , with about 74,000 students. AMU has the largest budget of any academic institution in the , standing at EUR750 million.
The university is organized around five main campuses situated in
and . Apart from its major campuses, AMU owns and operates facilities in , , , , , ,
and . The university is headquartered at the Pharo, Marseille.
AMU has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, politics, business, economics and literature. To date, there have been four
amongst its alumni and faculty, as well as a two-time recipient of the , four
winners, several
and members of the constituent academies of the .
AMU has hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the
(CNRS) and the
(CEA). AMU is a member of numerous academic organisations including the
(EUA) and the
The headquarters for AMU is located at the Pharo,
, , the university's founder, as painted by
and now on display at the
The institution developed out of the original University of Provence, founded on 9 December 1409 as a
by Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, and recognized by
issued by the Pisan Antipope Alexander V. However, there is evidence that teaching in Aix existed in some form from the beginning of the 12th century, since there were a doctor of theology in 1100, a doctor of law in 1200 and a professor of law in 1320 on the books. The decision to establish the university was, in part, a response to the already-thriving . As a result, in order to be sure of the viability of the new institution, Louis II compelled his
students to study in Aix only. Thus, the
for the university were granted, and the government of the university was created. The , Thomas de Puppio, was appointed as the first chancellor of the university for the rest of his life. After his death in 1420, a new chancellor was elected by the rector, masters, and licentiates – an uncommon arrangement not repeated at any other French university. The rector had to be an “ordinary student”, who had unrestricted civil and criminal jurisdiction in all cases where one party was a doctor or scholar of the university. Those displeased with the rector’s decisions could appeal to a doctor legens. Eleven consiliarii provided assistance to the rector, being elected yearly by their predecessors. These individuals represented all faculties, but were elected from among the students. The constitution was of a student-university, and the instructors did not have great authority except in granting degrees. Mention should be made that a resident doctor or student who married was required to pay charivari to the university, the amount varying with the degree or status of the man, and being increased if the bride was a widow. Refusal to submit to this statutable extortion was punished by the assemblage of students at the summons of the rector with frying-pans, bassoons, and horns at the house of the newly married couple. Continued recusancy was followed by the piling up of dirt in front of their door upon every . These injunctions were justified on the ground that the money extorted was devoted to divine service.
In 1486 Provence passed to the . The university's continued existence was approved by , and Aix-en-Provence continued to be a significant provincial centre. It was, for instance, the seat of the
from 1501 to 1789, no doubt aided by the presence of the law school.
established the Collège Royal de Bourbon in Aix-en-Provence for the study of
and philosophy, supplementing the traditional faculties of the university, but not formally a part of it. This college de plain exercice became a significant seat of learning, under the control of the
order. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, the college frequently served as a preparatory, but unaffiliated, school for the university. Only the university was entitled to award degrees in the theology, law, but candidates for degrees had first to pass an examination in philosophy, which was only provided by the college. Universities basically accepted candidates who had studied in colleges formally affiliated with them, which in reality required both college and university to be situated in the same city. In 1762 the Jesuits were forced to leave France, and in 1763 the Collège Royal de Bourbon was officially affiliated with the university as a faculty of arts.
The addition of the Collège Royal de Bourbon essentially widened the scope of courses provided at the University of Provence. Formal instruction in French was initially provided at the college, with texts and a structured course of study. Subsequently, physics became a part of the curriculum at the college as a part of the philosophy course in the 18th century. Equipment for carrying out experiments was obtained and the first course in
was provided at Aix-en-Provence in 1741. , nevertheless, was merely taught after 1755, when the physicist Paulian offered his first class and ’s
and commentaries were obtained for the library.
The , with its focus on the individual and an end to inherited privilege, saw the suppression of the universities. To the revolutionaries, universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests. Moreover, lands owned by the universities and utilized for their support, represented a source of wealth to be tapped by the revolutionary government, just as property possessed by the Church had been confiscated. In 1792, the University of Provence, along with twenty-one other universities, was dissolved. Specialized ecoles, with rigorous entrance examinations and open to anyone with talent, were eventually created in order to offer professional training in specialized areas. Nonetheless, the government found it necessary to allow the faculties of law and medicine to continue in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille in the early 19th century.
During the 19th century, additional faculties were created in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille to serve the changing needs of French society. For instance, , later
and , was the first dean and professor of a new faculty in French literature established in Aix-en-Provence in the 1840s. In 1896, the departmental council of the
founded a chair in the faculty of letters at Aix-en-Provence in the languag their aim was to assist the commercial exploitation of the region by French business. A new science faculty was created in Marseille to support the growing industrialization of the region. At about the same time, a special training program was created in the faculty of medicine in order to train doctors in colonial medicine for France’s expanding colonial empire.
The most significant development for the university in the 19th century, nevertheless, was the recreation of French universities in 1896. Facing acute competition from prestigious
following the , French legislators were anxious to have their own universities. In 1896 a law was passed creating seventeen autonomous regional universities financed mainly by the state. The various faculties in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille were grouped into the new University of Aix-Marseille.
Through two world wars and a depression, the University of Aix-Marseille continued to develop. Increasing numbers of women and foreign students joined the student body, and an overwhelming majority of students majored in the science, medicine, and law. Individual faculties were almost autonomous from university administration and the Ministry of Education frequently intervened directly among the faculties.
Former seat of the
Following riots among university students in , a reform of French education occurred. The Orientation Act (Loi d’Orientation de l’Enseignement Superieur) of 1968 divided the old faculties into smaller subject departments, decreased the power of the Ministry of Education, and created smaller universities, with strengthened administrations. Subsequently, the University of Aix-Marseille was divided into two institutions. Each university had different areas of concentration of study and the faculties were divided as follows:
University of Aix-Marseille I: , , , , , , , , , , , ,
University of Aix-Marseille II: , , , , , ,
In 1973, conservative faculty members led by , demanded and obtained the creation of the University of Aix-Marseille III, grouping law, political science, , ,
and technological studies.
Nearly 40 years later, in June 2007, the three universities of Aix-Marseille expressed their intention to merge in order to form one university. The merger was gradually prepared, respecting a schedule which allowed for long discussions at each stage, after which it was approved by vote of the Board of Directors of each university. Thus, Aix-Marseille University was established by decree No.
of 24 August 2011 and officially opened its doors on 1 January 2012.
H?tel Maynier d'Oppède, built 1757, former home of the IEFEE
Aix-Marseille University enrolls almost 71,000 students, including more than 10,000 international students from 128 different countries. The university, with its wide range of general and vocational courses including 600 degree courses, offers teaching in fields as varied as the Arts, Social Sciences, Health, Sport and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Applied Economics and Management, and Exact Sciences such as Mathematics, Data-processing, Physical Sciences, Astrophysical Sciences, Chemistry and Biology. Its 132 recognized research units and 21 faculties make it a centre of international excellence in social and natural sciences. With more than 500 international agreements, the university participates in the creation of European area of education and research and in the development of mobility. A policy in the direction of Asian countries has led to increase its enrollments of excellent international students. Programmes in French and/or English have been organized in order to favour the welcome and the integration of international students, in particular thanks to the presence within the university of the Institute of French Studies for Foreign Students (Institut d'Etudes Fran?aises Pour Etudiants Etrangers (IEFEE)). The IEFEE was founded in 1953 and is regarded as one of the best French-language teaching centres in the country. About a thousand students from 65 countries attend the institute throughout the academic year. The institute is also a notable centre for teachers of French as a foreign language, and its function is to provide training and perfecting of linguistic abilities in French as a scientific and cultural means of communication. Furthermore, the university is "one of the most distinguished in France, second only to the University of Paris in the areas of , history, and linguistics", according to 's website.
The university’s library system comprises 59 libraries, with 662,000 volumes, 20,000 online periodical titles, and thousands of digital resources, making it one of the largest and most diverse academic library systems in France. The overall area occupied by the libraries is equal to 37,056 m?, including 19,703 m? public access space. The libraries offer 49.2 kilometers of open-stacks shelving and 4,219 seats for student study. In addition, there are 487 computer workstations, which are available to the public for research purposes.
The main entrance to
Sciences Po Aix is housed in the Palais de l'université, a
built in 1734, designed by
The university's Institute of Political Studies (), also known as , was established in 1956. The institute is housed in the Palais de l'université, a
designed by architect
in 1734. It is one of a network of 10 world-famous IEPs () in France, including those in , , , , , , ,
and . Sciences Po Aix is a
in political science and its primary aim is to train senior executives for the public, semi-public, and private sectors. Although the institute offers a multitude of disciplines, its main focus is on politics, including related subjects such as history, law, economics, languages, international relations, and media studies. Its admissions process is among the toughest and most selective in the country. Sciences Po Aix has numerous exchange programs through partnerships with about 120 different universities in the world: the school therefore welcomes 200 foreign students a year. On top of these academic exchanges, students have the opportunity to do internships abroad in large international firms.
Many of the institute's graduates have gone on to high positions within both the
and in foreign governments. Among the best-known people who studied at Sciences Po Aix are the current
(IMF), , the current
and , , the 5th , , the current , , former , , former
Faculty of Law and Political Science, built 1953, designed by
, for whom the
was named, attended the law school from 1858 to 1861
The law school at AMU dates back to the university's foundation in 1409. The school had far-reaching influence, since written law, which in France originated in Aix-en-Provence, spread from there, eventually replacing the
practiced throughout the rest of Northern . The law school has a long tradition of self-management, with a strongly institutionalized culture and practices enrooted in the social and economic realities of the region. Today, it is one of the largest law schools in France, and is considered to be one of the nation's leading centres for legal research and teaching. The school is unique among
for the breadth of courses offered and the extent of research undertaken in a wide range of fields. For 2016/17, the law school is ranked 2nd nationally for its undergraduate studies by . Other than , the school "has attracted the most prestigious law faculty in France", according to the 's website. The teaching faculty comprises 155 professors and 172 adjunct lecturers, the latter drawn from private practice, the civil service, the judiciary and other organizations. Much of the legal research at the university is done under the auspices of its many research institutes – there is one in almost every field of law. Research activity is buttressed by a network of libraries, which holds an impressive collection of monographs and periodicals, including an important collection of 16th-century manuscripts. Moreover, the libraries have several specialized rooms dedicated to specific fields of law, in particular in
The school has produced a large number of luminaries in law and politics including the 2nd , , former , , former , , and former , . The school has also educated two : , winner of the 1968 , and , winner of the 1904 . Alumni also include the 3rd , , former , , former , , and former , . In addition, from 1858 to 1861, complying with his father's wishes, a prominent French artist and
attended the school, while also receiving drawing lessons.
The Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management, commonly known as , was the first Graduate School of Management in the French public university system. IAE Aix is “a prestigious, double-accredited institution, with an international approach to business combining both classic and innovative teaching methods”, according to . It is the only French public university entity to receive dual international accreditation: the European standard of excellence
in 1999, and the
accreditation in 2004 for its
Change & Innovation, in 2005 for its Master’s programmes and in 2007 for its Executive Part-time MBA. The school is composed of 40 permanent faculty members, and invites more than 30 international professors and 150 business speakers each year to conduct lectures and courses within the various programmes. IAE Aix offers graduate level programmes in , international management,
of organisations, , internal and external , management and ,
and applied marketing. In 2011, the
in General Management was ranked 2nd in France along with the M.Sc. in Services Management and Marketing being ranked 3rd and the M.Sc. in Audit and Corporate Governance also being ranked 3rd in the country by .
In 1990, IAE Aix and
(?cole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales) signed an agreement to unite and offer a joint Doctorate Programme, allowing ESSEC professors to teach in the Research Oriented Master programme in Aix-en-Provence. Furthermore, after Research Oriented Master graduation, students can attend the ESSEC Doctorate seminars and have an ESSEC Research Advisor (Directeur de Recherche). In the same way, ESSEC students can enroll in the IAE Aix's Research Oriented Master and Doctorate programmes. In both cases, the members of the thesis juries come from both IAE Aix and ESSEC. The Doctorate title is awarded by Aix-Marseille University.
Aix-Marseille School of Economics (AMSE) is a gathering of three big laboratories in economics, part of AMU: GREQAM (Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d’Aix Marseille), SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale), and IDEP (Institut D’Economie Publique). GREQAM is a research center which specializes in all areas of economics, with strong concentrations in macroeconomics, econometrics, game theory, economic philosophy and public economics. It counts two Fellows of the
among its members, and is consistently ranked as one of the top five research centers in economics in France. SESSTIM consists of three teams in social and economic sciences, as well as social epidemiology, focusing on applications in the following fields: cancer, infectious and transmissible diseases, and aging. IDEP aims at federating competences in the field of Public Economics broadly defined as the part of economics that studies the causes and the consequences of public intervention in the economic sphere.
AMSE has a triple aim in terms of research development about “Globalization and public action”, education regarding Master and PhD degrees and valorization toward local authorities, administrations and corporations, and of information aiming at all public. The AMSE Master is a two-year Master programme in Economics jointly organized with
and . It aims to provide high-level courses and training in the main fields of specialization of AMSE: Development Economics, Econometrics, Public Economics, Environmental Economics, Finance/Insurance, Macroeconomics, Economic Philosophy, and Health Economics. The doctoral programme of AMSE brings together more than seventy PhD students. Ten to fifteen new PhD students join the programme each year. These PhD students cover all the research topics available at AMSE. The PhD programme is a member of the European Doctoral Group in Economics (EDGE) with the , the , , , and .
The Faculty of Medicine at AMU can trace its origins to a college of medicine established in 1645 and recognized by a decree issued by the
in 1683. During the revolution, although a faculty of medicine was created in , Marseille was left aside, probably because of its close proximity. In 1818, ?cole Secondaire de Médecine et de Pharmacie opened in Marseille and this later became an ?cole de Plein Exercice in 1841. Consequently, it was not until 1930 that a faculty of medicine was formally organised in Marseille. However, the town’s geographical position meant that it was able to exert a strong influence upon the Mediterranean. The most significant example of this was , known as Clot Bey, who with the help of , founded a school of medicine in
in 1827. This enabled Egyptian students to travel to France and encouraged exchanges between western and eastern medicine. In Marseille, medical practices adapted to
developed under the influence of the military department of medicine. Physiology at the faculty dates back to Charles Livon, who was named professeur suppléant (deputy professor) and then professeur agrégé (associate professor) of anatomy and physiology having presented his thesis in Paris. He conducted research on
and pneumogastric physiology, which earned him the
at the . Following his work with , he opened an anti-rabies clinic and became
in 1895. The first dean of the faculty was Leon Imbert, who arrived in Marseille in 1904 as a former interne des h?pitaux and professeur agrégé at the Montpellier faculty. Originally a surgeon, he established one of the first centers for
(broken faces) of the . An anti-cancer center was developed by Lucien Cornill, who was originally from
and studied in Paris. During the First World War, he worked at the neurological center in the 7th Military region of
under the supervision of . After the war, he became a professeur agrégé of . He became dean of the faculty in 1937 and held this position until 1952. His main work related to
and medullary pathology.
The Faculty of Pharmacy started its independent activity after being separated from the faculty in 1970. Subsequently, the Faculty of Odontology also became independent from the Faculty of Medicine. Thus, these three faculties form the Division of Health of the university.
The university's
(OAMP) is one of the French National observatories under the auspices of the National Institute of Astronomy (INSU) of the
(CNRS), with a large financial participation by the
(CNES). Basic research at the OAMP is organized around three priority themes:
and research on
formation and . The OAMP also contributes to the area of
and especially the study of the climatic system. The OAMP is very active in technological research and development, mainly in optics and opto-mechanics, for the development of the main observational instruments that will be deployed on the ground and in space in the coming decades. For many years OAMP research teams have had close ties with the French and European space and optical industry. The OAMP takes part in university education in astrophysics, physics and mathematics, as well as in instrumentation and signal processing from the first year of university to the doctorate level. These programs lead to openings in the fields of research and high-tech industry. The OAMP organizes many astronomy outreach activities in order to share important discoveries with the public. The OAMP consists of two establishments: the Laboratory of Astrophysics of Marseille (LAM) and the
(OHP), along with the Département Gassendi, which is a common administrative and technical support unit. With over 50 researchers, 160 engineers, technical and administrative personnel, plus some 20 graduate students and post-docs, the OAMP is one of the most important research institutes in the region.
Polytech Marseille is a
d’Ingénieurs (Graduate School of Science and Engineering), part of AMU. The School offers 8 specialist courses in
which lead to an engineering degree after 5 years of studies. Polytech Marseille is also a member of the
which comprises 13 engineering schools of French leading universities. Polytech Marseille's advanced level courses have a strong professional focus. They include compulsory work placements in a professional organisation. These programs also benefit from a top rank scientific environment, with teaching staff drawn from laboratories attached to major French research organisations that are among the leaders in their field. Students are recruited on the basis of a selective admissions process which goes via one of two nationwide competitive admissions examinations (): either after the
(national secondary school graduation examination) for admission to a five-year course or after two years of higher education for admission to a three-year course. The courses are approved by the
(CTI), the French authority that authorizes recognised engineering schools to deliver the
(a state-recognised title, recognised equivalent to a “Master in Engineering” by ) and thus guarantees the quality of the courses. The courses are also accredited by .
In the 2015
(ARWU), AMU is ranked joint 101st–150th in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 76th–100th in the world for Natural Sciences and Mathematics, joint 151st–200th in the world for Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences, joint 101st–150th in the world for Life and Agricultural Sciences, joint 151st–200th in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy, 25th in the world for Mathematics, and joint 101st–150th in the world for Physics.
In the 2018 , AMU is ranked joint 251st–300th in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 151st–175th in the world for Arts and Humanities.
In the 2015/16 , AMU is ranked joint 361st in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 151st–200th in the world for Accounting and Finance, joint 101st–150th in the world for Earth and Marine Sciences, joint 101st–150th in the world for Environmental Studies, joint 101st–150th in the world for History and Archaeology, joint 151st–200th in the world for Law and Legal Studies, joint 151st–200th in the world for Medicine, and joint 151st–200th in the world for Psychology.
In the 2016 , AMU is ranked joint 175th in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 74th in the world for Biology and Biochemistry, joint 166th in the world for Chemistry, joint 149th in the world for Clinical Medicine, joint 90th in the world for Geosciences, joint 50th in the world for Immunology, joint 35th in the world for Microbiology, 98th in the world for Neuroscience and Behavior, joint 95th in the world for Physics, 82nd in the world for Plant and Animal Science, joint 134th in the world for Psychiatry/Psychology, and 34th in the world for Space Science.
In the 2016 , AMU is ranked 137th in the world.
In the 2015/16
(URAP), AMU is ranked 77th in the world.
In the 2016
(CWUR), AMU is ranked 151st in the world.
built in 1650, houses the Institute of Public Management and Territorial Governance
Aix-Marseille University is organized into five sectors:
Law and Political Science
Faculty of Law and Political Science
Institute of Public Management and Territorial Governance
Economics and Management
Faculty of Economics and Management
Journalism and Communication School of Marseille
Regional Institute of Labour
Arts, Literature, Languages and Human Sciences
Faculty of Arts, Literature, Languages and Human Sciences
Training Centre for Musicians
The Mediterranean House of Human Sciences (Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme)
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Odontology
Faculty of Pharmacy
Midwives' University School Marseille Méditerranée
Sciences and Technology
Faculty of Sports
Observatory of Universe Sciences – Pytheas Institute
Polytech Marseille
In addition, three
are part of the university.
This section needs additional citations for . Please help
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& the Pharo
Aix-Marseille University is governed by three councils: two of them (the council of studies and student life for the teaching side and the scientific council for research matters) have an advisory role, the third one (the administrative council) is the decision body under the direction of the president of the university. The president is elected for a five-year period by the assembly of the three councils. The members of the councils are representatives of the students, the administrative staff, the faculty, or external personalities. The university statutes define the division into different schools or institutes. Each one of those, headed by a dean or a director, has its administrative council that decides on policy issues.
If the president of the university is the most important actor in defining the mission and the strategies of the university, he also has the necessary power to impulse or to sustain the projects that relate to these strategies. Before implementing these projects, they have to be accepted by the university council and if necessary they have to be included in the planning processes.
There are two main planning processes in the definition of projects in the university that have to be followed in order to be financed or even authorised and accredited by the public (national and local) authorities.
The first process takes place every six years and involves the central government, the region as well as the university. It is devoted to major investment projects, for instance building a new school, a new campus, a new library, etc. It is a catalogue of projects and for each of them it defines the financial burden accepted by each partner in the contract.
The second process covers four years and has to be approved by the . In this process, the university sets its objectives at the pedagogical and research levels (new degrees, research projects).
This planning process is very important because the university is free to define its own strategy, to be approved by the decision makers. Each process generates an important brainstorming period at all levels of the university in order to identify and build new ideas, new needs, and opportunities, to prioritise them, after an analysis of strengths and weaknesses. Other choices can be made after each process is closed, but they are more difficult to implement because other sources of funding and other ways of authorisation must be found.
AMU has produced many alumni that have distinguished themselves in their respective fields. Notable AMU alumni include three , a two-time recipient of the , four
winners and numerous members of the component academies of the . AMU has a large number of alumni who have been active in politics, including several heads of state or government, parliamentary speakers, government ministers, at least fifty members of the , thirteen members of the
and five members of the .
, winner of the 1979
– winner of the 1979
from 2011 to 2013
– Minister of Planning of : /; Minister of Youth and Sports of Tunisia: Jun–Nov 1970; : ; Minister of Economy of Tunisia:
– Belgian politician,
– : ; Minister of
– Member of :
member of the
from 1851 to 1856
– : Oct–Dec 1851; /:
– French politician, member of the
– : Aug–Sep 1797; : Feb–Oct 1820; : ; President of the :
– Deputy:
– Deputy:
– Deputy: ///2012–present
– Deputy: 2012–present
– Deputy: /
– Deputy: /
– Deputy:
– Deputy:
– Deputy:
– Deputy: /////
– Deputy: /
– Deputy:
– Secretary-General:
– Senator: 1998–present
– Senator: 2013–present
from 1981 to 1985
– Ambassador of the
– French Ambassador to the :
from 1970 to 1994
from 1986 to 2016
– Head of the Arab and Islamic Law Department at the , and Director of the Center of Arab and Islamic Law
on the : 2003–present
emeritus at
– former Chair of Comparative Law at the
– French academic and jurist
– American academic with an expertise in federal courts, working at the intersections of law, politics and history
– judge of the
(ICJ): 2011–present
– the Phillip P. Mizock & Estelle Mizock Chair in Administrative and Criminal Law at the
– Trustee Professor of Law at the , the Thomas E. Miller Distinguished Professor of Law at the
Emeritus of Law at
– Turkish academic, judge of the
– the Olimpiad S. Ioffe Professor of International and Comparative Law and the Director of International Programs at the
School of Law
– Professor of Law at the
– American lawyer and a professor at
– : ; Judge of the : 1999– Judge of the
(ECJ): ; : –1991
– the Oppenheimer Wolff & Donnelly Professor of Law at the
– Member of the
– former professor of
– Justice Sydney L. Robins Professor of Human Rights, ,
– Judge of the : ; Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Spain: ; President of the :
– Law Professor at the
Faculty of Law
– German jurist and writer
– American lawyer and writer
– Leitner Professor of Law, Politics and International Studies at
– Dean of the
– American criminal defense attorney
– professor of the history of the French Revolution at
– French historian
– French historian, member of the
– French historian and
– British historian, an advisor to the former
on all matters concerning France
– French historian
– Italian
– American historian focusing primarily on the , professor at
– professor of , member of the
– professor of
– French historian, President of the
– Polish historian of law, a specialist in
– French historian and archaeologist
– French historian, a professor of economic and social history of
– Indian historian
– French historian, lecturer at , member of the
– French journalist, writer and professor, the daughter of former ,
– French journalist and essayist, member of the
– French poet and essayist
– French novelist
– American poet, playwright, essayist, and professor
– Francophone African novelist and literary critic, professor of Afro-American and African Studies and Comparative Literature at the
– chairman of the Société Fran?aise Shakespeare and a
– French writer
– Canadian writer, professor of
– French academic, poet, novelist and playwright
– Portuguese professor of literature, a literary critic and a fiction writer
– Brazilian poet, essayist, and professor
– French poet
– American writer
– French composer
– French composer
– Australian composer and academic
– French composer
Sir , Fellow of the
, Chair of 's Department of Global Health and Population
, co-discoverer of the
– professor in
– Italian writer and anthropologist, professor at the , fellow of
– French immunologist and physiologist
– Fellow of the , a senior research fellow of
and Centennial Professor at the
– French Egyptologist, archaeologist, and director of research at
– Indian , specialist in
– visiting scholar at the
and a researcher at
– Belgian sociologist and social theorist, reader in Social Theory at the
and Fellow of
– Professor in
– French classical philologist, member of the
– Austrian physicist, professor of physics at the
– Italian
– French philosopher
– the Chair of 's Department of Global Health and Population, professor of Economics and Demography at the , and Director of the Program on the Global Demography of Aging
– French astronomer
– Bosnian–Serbian author and physician, the granddaughter of the 1st ,
and , senior research fellow at the , and the Head of the
– French physicist
– French scientist at the
in Structural Biology
– professor emeritus of Economic History at the ,
– President of the , Director of the Sustainable Development Programme of the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, and Director of the Climate Impacts and Policy Division of the
– French biologist, lecturer at
and the creator of the
– French geologist and paleontologist
– Managing Director of the , and the founding President of the
– French doctor, ethologist, neurologist and psychiatrist
– French , oculist to , , and a foreign member of the
– British sociologist, professor emeritus of sociology at the
– professor of public policy in the
– French geologist and paleontologist, member of the
– French naturalist, zoologist and botanist
– French , member of the
– French scholar of the
– French Jesuit theologian, mathematician, physicist and controversialist
– Professor of General Physics at
and the , co-discoverer of the
– French , member of the , and Director of the
– American planning theorist with a particular emphasis on , former Chair of the Department of City and Regional Planning at
– the chair of philology at the
– French university professor who specialized in the study of art from the peoples of the
– French philosopher and translator
– French analytic philosopher
– contemporary scholar of
and the Latin language
– French linguist and scholar of
Professor of International Economics at
– Croatian-French physicist
– German physicist
– the chair of the Political Science Department, professor of political science and the Julius Kreeger Professor of Law at the
– French botanist and medical doctor, former director of the , and founder of the
– Japanese
– French literary historian, philologist and botanical author
– French botanist
– French theoretical physicist
– American chemist at , member of the
Professor of International Development Studies at the
– Italian
– French specialist on
– American linguist and phonetician
– Political Philosophy professor
– Director of the , and a senior fellow and affiliated lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the
– French archeologist, geologist and prehistorian
– professor emeritus, Graduate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering at
– French naturalist
– the founder of the Institute of Social Gerontology (Institut de Gérontologie Sociale)
– expert on the
– French physician, doctor to
– French linguist, translator and
– Vice-Chancellor of
– French educationist
– French scientist, senior researcher at National Center for Scientific Research () as an astrophysicist in
– Polish–Lithuanian Jesuit astronomer and mathematician, former Rector of
– French biology researcher
– French linguist specialising in
– Italian physicist
– Hilldale and
Professor of Psychology at the
and a senior scientist at
– Egyptian scholar and translator of Arabic literature
– former Director of the Institute for Research on Southeast Asia
– French philosopher, member of the
– French philosopher
– organizational scientist who held professorships in social relations (), sociology (), business administration (), and management ()
– Bulgarian scientist, economist and financier
– Finnish musicologist and
– professor in
– professor specializing in
and , member of the
lab of the
– Belgian philosopher and political economist
– French scientist
– American academic, professor of politics and international affairs at 's
– professor emeritus at
– co-founder and chief scientist of the
– Polish philosopher
– Spanish
– Russian linguist
– professor of Political Science at the
, 14th & current Dean of the ,
– French economist
– Research Professor of Economics at , and Director of the Center for the History of Political Economy
– Swiss-Belgian economist,
– Director of the , professor for Economic Policy at the , and member of the
– Belgian-American economist, associate professor of economics at
– President/CEO of GIC Trade, Inc. (the GIC Group), Special External Advisor to the / for the Private Sector/Global Food Security and Managing Director of the Global Food Safety Forum (GFSF) in Beijing
– Belgian economist
– Indian economist, professor of economics at the
and Fellow of
– the 14th
– British economist, former emeritus professor at the Faculty of Economics at the
– the Chairman and CEO of , and the Chairman of
– academic and author on business and management, the Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies at the
– Indian economist
– Bulgarian economist
– Belgian economist
– the Director of the 's Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, professor emeritus of economics at the
at the , and an associate editor of
– the Dean of
(WBS) at the
and an academic in the fields of International Finance and Economics
– Senior Lecturer at the ,
– American economics professor at
– Canadian economist, professor of economics at
working in the field of
mathematician working at the
– French mathematician and physicist, who was the first woman to be elected to the
mathematician, fellow of the
– American mathematician, professor at
– French mathematician, known for his development of
techniques for functions using
– French mathematician working in the field of , in particular
– French mathematician
– French mathematician and scientist, the son of the painter
– French mathematician, known for works in
– Japanese mathematician, professor at the
(UCLA) and fellow of the
– British mathematician, leading expert in an area of
known as the theory of
– French mathematician, known for his foundational work in
– French linguist, a specialist in
– French librarian, chief curator of the
and the Musées de
– member of the
(TEJO), and co-editor of La Folieto
– French biographer specializing in the letters of
author, research professor of law at , and executive vice president of the
– Turkish/Canadian systems engineer, professor emeritus of Computer Science at the
– founder of the science of historical
and one of the most notable
of his time
– French photographer
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