Hit Man-BWP, Hit ManMP3下载,歌词下载 - 虾米音乐
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@微博好友，送歌给Ta！
[HM = Hit Man, L = Lyndah, BF = Boyfriend]
Easily I approached
Found the Hit Man, gave him the dope
My man fucked around behind my back
This ho ain't going for that
Misses says I should chill
I said, fuck that shit, It's time to get ill
Fooled around on me twice
Now the motherfucker gotta pay with his life
He ain't nothing but a goddam ho
I asked him if he fucked around, he said no
Found out that he lied
Now it's time for the nigga to die
What you got, what you need, yeah, what you want done?
Want me to kill him, or terrorize him for fun?
Shoot the motherfucker right between his legs
Turn him around, give him two to the head
[gunshots]
Yo B, how could you do this?
This bitch here, ruthless
[gunshots]
Now, I got the dope, and the dough
So what's it going to be like, yes or no?
Alright, baby doll, now here's the plan
How I'm gonna take out the brother man
I'll take him for a ride to cop in the park
Towards the back, where it's nice and dark
It'll be clean, no evidence to find
And when I finish, ha ha ha, I'll cold ditch the nine
You know what I'm saying?
Serious biz, this ain't no joke
So I followed behind to see how it'd go
[gunshots]
He lay there crying
A look in his eyes, yeah, he knew he was dying
He begged, bad, he would put up a fight
But I had strict orders: take his life
'Cause I'm the type of bitch that don't give a fuck
Nigga, you don't press your luck
Nigga got to learn you can't have it all
Fuck me, you wanna take a fall
I hate it when a man cheat around on his woman
Bitch spread her leg, and he's all up in 'em
A relationship, I gave it all I had
But he always found ways to make me sad
You know what they say, "no pain, no gain"
Shit, that's for a dumb ass dame
Me, myself, and I do fine
I manipulate motherfucker's minds
And my man's life just came to an end
He got taken out by his best friend
End of story
I need an ambulance
He ain't dead yet?
I need an ambulance
Finish that motherfucker
[gunshots]
[long silence]
Thanks, but I don't need witnesses
What the fuck you doing?
You doublecrossing bitch!
[gunshots]
Now I got the dope, and the dough
Two dead motherfuckers, now it's time to roll
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The owner of this website (www.wanttoknow.info) has banned your access based on your browser's signature (3e96af8dfd759607-ua98).From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
snipers with
snipers using the
(front) and the
A sniper is a marksman who operates alone, in a pair, or with a sniper team, to maintain close visual contact with the enemy and shoot them from concealed positions or distances exceeding their detection capabilities. They generally have specialized training and use high-precision rifles and optics, and often feed information back to their units or military bases.
In addition to marksmanship and , military snipers are trained in a variety of techniques: detection, stalking, and target range estimation methods, , , ,
The verb "to snipe" originated in the 1770s among soldiers in
in reference to shooting , which was considered a challenging target for marksmen. The agent noun "sniper" appears by the 1820s. The term sniper was first attested in 1824[] in the sense of the word "sharpshooter".
A somewhat older term is "sharp shooter", a
of 18th-century German Scharfschütze, in use in British newspapers as early as 1801.
Over-watch being provided by an army sergeant during a high-level meeting. (Baghdad, Iraq)
sniper using a Barrett M82
According to figures released by the , the average number of rounds expended in the
to kill one enemy soldier with the M-16 was 50,000. The average number of rounds expended by U.S. military snipers to kill one enemy soldier is 1.3 rounds. According to the , the average soldier will hit a man-sized target 10 percent of the time at 300 meters using the M16A2 rifle. Graduates of the
are expected to achieve 90 percent first-round hits at 600 meters, using the
Different countries use different
regarding snipers in , settings, and .
Generally, a sniper's primary function in modern
is to provide detailed reconnaissance from a concealed position and, if necessary, to reduce the enemy's fighting ability by shooting high-value targets (especially
and other key personnel) and in the process
and . Typical sniper missions include managing
information they gather during
for air-strikes and artillery, assist employed combat force with
and , killing enemy , selecting targets of opportunity, and even , which tend to require use of
in the larger calibers such as the , like the , , and .
- and Russian-derived military
snipers. Snipers have increasingly been demonstrated as useful by US and UK forces in the recent
role to cover the movement of infantry, especially in
Military snipers from the US, UK, and other countries that adopt their military doctrine are typically deployed in two-man
consisting of a shooter and . A common practice is for a shooter and a spotter to take turns in order to avoid . In most recent combat operations occurring in large densely populated towns, such as , two teams would be deployed together to increase their security and effectiveness in an urban environment. A sniper team would be armed with its long range weapon, and a shorter-ranged weapon in case of close contact combat.
The German doctrine of largely independent snipers and emphasis on concealment, developed during the Second World War, has been most influential on modern sniper tactics, and is currently used throughout Western militaries (examples are specialized camouflage clothing, concealment in terrain and emphasis on ).
This section does not
any . Please help
by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (March 2017) ()
A U.S. Army sniper team from
Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT)
Sniper rifles are classified as , as the term is used in the
. A sniper team (or sniper cell) consists of a combination of one or more shooters with force protection elements and support personnel: such as a spotter or a flanker. Within the
for both the
and the , the operator of the weapon has an assistant trained to fulfill multiple roles, in addition to being sniper-qualified in the operation of the weapon.
The shooter fires the shot while the spotter assists in observation of targets, atmospheric conditions and handles ancillary tasks as immediate security of their location, communicatio including directing
fire and . A flanker's task is to observe areas not immediately visible to the sniper or spotter and assist with the team's perimeter and rear security,[] therefore flankers are usually armed with an
or . Both spotter and flanker carry additional ammunition and associated equipment.
The spotter detects, observes, and assigns targets and watches for the results of the shot. Using a
or a , the spotter will also read the wind by using physical indicators and the
caused by the heat on the ground. Also, in conjunction with the shooter, the spotter will make calculations for distance, angle shooting (),
related calculations, correction for
and leads for moving targets. It is not unusual for the spotter to be equipped with a notepad and a laptop computer specifically for performing these calculations.
Specialized Services Division Counter-Sniper Team does aerial platform training. This sniper is armed with
sniper rifle.
, commonly called police snipers, and military snipers differ in many ways, including their areas of operation and tactics. A police sharpshooter is part of a police operation and usually takes part in relatively short missions.
forces typically deploy such sharpshooters in
scenarios. This differs from a military sniper, who operates as part of a larger army, engaged in warfare. Sometimes as part of a
team, police snipers are deployed alongside negotiators and an assault team trained for . As policemen, they are trained to shoot only as a last resort, when there is a d the police sharpshooter has a well-known rule: "Be prepared to take a life to save a life." Police snipers typically operate at much shorter ranges than military snipers, generally under 100 meters (109 yd) and sometimes even less than 50 meters (55 yd). Both types of snipers do make difficult shots under pressure, and often perform one-shot kills.
A US Secret Service sniper on the roof of the
Police units that are unequipped for tactical operations may rely on a specialized SWAT team, which may have a dedicated sniper. Some police sniper operations begin with military assistance. Police snipers placed in vantage points, such as high buildings, can provide security for events. In one high-profile incident, Mike Plumb, a
sniper in , prevented a suicide by shooting a revolver out of the individual's hand, leaving him unharmed.
A U.S. Coast Guard
marksman uses an M107 from a helicopter.
The need for specialized training for police sharpshooters was made apparent in 1972 during the
when the German police could not deploy specialized personnel or equipment during the standoff at the airport in the closing phase of the crisis, and consequently all of the
hostages were killed. While the German army did have snipers in 1972, the use of army snipers in the scenario was impossible due to the 's explicit prohibition of the use of the military in domestic matters. This lack of trained snipers who could be used in civilian roles was later addressed with the founding of the specialized police counter-terrorist unit .
British sniper, training in Northumberland, 2010.
in combat was achieved by an undisclosed member of the Canadian JTF2 special forces in June 2017 at a distance of 3,540 m (3,871 yd).
The previous record holder was , a
(CoH) in the
of the . In November 2009, Harrison struck two
consecutively south of
at a range of 2,475 m (2,707 yd) or 1.54 miles using a . The QTU Lapua
software, using continuous doppler
(Cd) data provided by Lapua, predicts that such shots traveling 2,475 m (2,707 yd) would likely have struck their targets after nearly 6.0 seconds of flight time, having lost 93% of their kinetic energy, retaining 255 m/s (840 ft/s) of their original 936 m/s (3,070 ft/s) velocity, and having dropped 121.39 m (398 ft 3 in) or 2.8° from the original bore line. Due to the extreme distances and travel time involved, even a light cross-breeze of 2.7 m/s (6.0 mph) would have diverted such shots 9.2 m (360 in) off target, which would have required compensation.
The calculation assumes a flat-fire scenario (a situation where the shooting and target positions are at equal elevation), utilizing British military custom high-pressure .338 Lapua Magnum cartridges, loaded with 16.2 g (250 gr) Lapua LockBase B408 bullets, fired at 936 m/s (3,071 ft/s) muzzle velocity under the following on-site (average) atmospheric conditions: barometric pressure: 1,019 hPa (30.1 inHg) at sea-level equivalent or 899 hPa (26.5 inHg) on-site, humidity: 25.9%, and temperature: 15 °C (59 °F) in the region for November 2009, resulting in an air density ρ = 1.;kg/m3 at the 1,043 m (3,422 ft) elevation of . Harrison mentions in reports that the environmental conditions were perfect for long range shooting, "... no wind, mild weather, clear visibility." In a BBC interview, Harrison reported it took about nine shots for him and his spotter to initially range the target successfully.
Before the development of , firearms were
and inaccurate over long distance. Barrel rifling was invented at the end of the fifteenth century, but was only employed in large cannons. Over time, rifling, along with other gunnery advances, has increased the performance of modern firearms.
Early forms of sniping or marksmanship were used during the . For instance, in 1777 at the
the Colonists hid in the trees and used early model rifles to shoot British officers. Most notably,
shot and killed General
on 7 October 1777 at a distance of about 400 yards. During the , Capt. Patrick Ferguson had a tall, distinguished American officer in his rifle's iron sights. Ferguson did not take the shot, as the officer had his back to F only later did Ferguson learn that George Washington had been on the battlefield that day.
, an early 19th-century rifle, much more accurate than a
A special unit of marksmen was established during the
in the . While most troops at that time used inaccurate
, the British "" (named for their distinctive green uniforms) used the famous . Through the combination of a leather wad and tight grooves on the inside of the barrel (), this weapon was far more accurate, though slower to load. These
were the elite of the British Army, and served at the forefront of any engagement, most often in skirmish formation, scouting out and delaying the enemy. Another term, "sharp shooter" was in use in British newspapers as early as 1801. In the Edinburgh Advertiser, 23 June 1801, can be found the following quote in a piece about the North British M "This Regiment has several Field Pieces, and two companies of Sharp Shooters, which are very necessary in the modern Stile of War". The term appears even earlier, around 1781, in Continental Europe, translated from the German Scharfschütze.
long-range rifle designed by Sir .
The Whitworth rifle was arguably the first long-range sniper rifle in the world. Designed by Sir , a prominent British engineer, it used
instead, which meant that the projectile did not have to bite into grooves as was done with conventional rifling. His rifle was far more accurate than the , which had shown some weaknesses during the recent . At trials in 1857 which tested the accuracy and range of both weapons, Whitworth's design outperformed the Enfield at a rate of about three to one. The Whitworth rifle was capable of hitting the target at a range of 2,000 yards, whereas the Enfield could only manage it at 1,400 yards.
During the , the first optical sights were designed to fit onto rifles. Much of this pioneering work was the brainchild of Colonel D. Davidson, using optical sights produced by
of . This allowed a
to observe and target objects more accurately at a greater distance than ever before. The telescopic sight, or scope, was originally fixed and could not be adjusted, which therefore limited its range.
Despite its success at the trials, the rifle was not adopted by the . However, the
was able to sell the weapon to the , and also to the
during the . Both the Union and Confederate armies employed sharpshooters. The most notable incident was during the , where on 9 May 1864, Union General
was killed at a range of about 1,000 yards (910 meters) after saying the enemy "couldn't hit an elephant at this distance."
During the
the latest
were used by both sides. The British were equipped with the
rifle, while the Boers had received the latest
rifles from Germany. In the open terrain of
the marksmen were a crucial component to the outcome of the battle.
The first British sniper unit began life as the , a Scottish Highland regiment formed in 1899, that earned high praise during the
(). The unit was formed by
and reported to an American, Major , the British Army Chief of Scouts under . Burnham fittingly described these scouts as "half wolf and half jackrabbit.". Just like their Boer scout opponents, these scouts were well practised in the arts of marksmanship, , map reading, observation, and . They were skilled
and practitioners of discretion: "He who shoots and runs away, lives to shoot another day." They were also the first known military unit to wear a .
said of them that "keener men never lived", and that "Burnham was the greatest scout of our time." Burnham distinguished himself in wars in South Africa, Rhodesia, and in Arizona fighting the Apaches, and his definitive work, Scouting on Two Continents, provides a dramatic and enlightening picture of what a sniper was at the time and how he operated.
After the war, this regiment went on to formally become the first official sniper unit, then better known as sharpshooters.
An Australian sniper aims a periscope-equipped rifle at
in 1915. The spotter beside him is helping to find targets with his own periscope. Photo by .
During , snipers appeared as deadly sharpshooters in the trenches. At the start of the war, only
had troops that were issued scoped . Although sharpshooters existed on all sides, the Germans specially equipped some of their soldiers with scoped rifles that could pick off enemy soldiers showing their heads out of their trench. At first the French and British believed such hits to be coincidental hits, until the German scoped rifles were discovered. During World War I, the German army received a reputation for the deadliness and efficiency of its snipers, partly because of the high-quality lenses that German industry could manufacture.
Soldiers raise a dummy head to locate an enemy sniper
Soon the British army began to train their own snipers in specialized sniper schools. Major
was given formal permission to begin sniper training in 1915, and founded the
School of Sniping, Observation, and Scouting at
in France in 1916. Starting with a first class of only six, in time he was able to lecture to large numbers of soldiers from different Allied nations, proudly proclaiming in a letter that his school was turning out snipers at three times the rate of any such other school in the world.
He also devised a metal-armoured double loophole that would protect the sniper observer from enemy fire. The front loophole was fixed, but the rear was housed in a metal shutter sliding in grooves. Only when the two loopholes were lined up—a one-to-twenty chance—could an enemy shoot between them. Another innovation was the use of a dummy head to find the location of an enemy sniper. The
figures were painted to resemble soldiers to draw sniper fire. Some were equipped with rubber surgical tubing so the dummy could "smoke" a cigarette and thus appear realistic. Holes punched in the dummy by enemy sniper bullets then could be used for triangulation purposes to determine the position of the enemy sniper, who could then be attacked with
fire. He developed many of the modern techniques in sniping, including the use of spotting scopes and working in pairs, and using
to train observational skills.
In 1920, he wrote his account of his war time activities in his book , to which reference is still made by modern authors regarding the subject.
The main sniper rifles used during the
were the G the British
and , the Canadian , the American , and the Russian M1891 .
Soviet sniper
in a stamp in 1944.
During the , most nations dropped their specialized sniper units, notably the Germans. Effectiveness and dangers of snipers once again came to the fore during the . The only nation that had specially trained sniper units during the 1930s was the . Soviet snipers were trained in their skills as marksmen, in using the terrain to hide themselves from the enemy and the ability to work alongside regular forces. This made the Soviet sniper training focus more on "normal" combat situations than those of other nations.
Snipers reappeared as important factors on the battlefield from the . During Germany's , it appeared that lone, well-hidden French and British snipers could halt the German advance for a significant amount of time. For example, during the pursuit to , British snipers were able to significantly delay the German infantry's advance. This prompted the British once again to increase training of specialized sniper units. Apart from marksmanship, British snipers were trained to blend in with the environment, often by using special camouflage clothing for concealment. However, because the British Army offered sniper training exclusively to
and , the resulting small number of trained snipers in the combat units considerably reduced their overall effectiveness.
During the ,
snipers took a heavy toll of the invading .
is credited with 505 confirmed kills, most with the Finnish version of the
bolt-action .
German sniper in ,
One of the best known battles involving snipers, and the battle that made the Germans reinstate their specialized sniper training, was the . Their defensive position inside a city filled with rubble meant that Soviet snipers were able to inflict significant casualties on the Wehrmacht troops. Because of the nature of fighting in city rubble, snipers were very hard to spot and seriously dented the
of the German attackers. The best known of these snipers was probably , featured in the novel
and the subsequent film .
German sniper / (1944)
German Scharfschützen were prepared before the war, equipped with
rifles, but there were often not enough of these weapons available, and as such some were armed with captured scoped , SVT or Czech Mauser rifles. The Wehrmacht re-established its sniper training in 1942, drastically increasing the number of snipers per unit with the creation of an additional 31 sniper training companies by 1944. German snipers were at the time the only snipers in the world issued with purpose-manufactured sniping ammunition, known as the 'effect-firing' sS round. The 'effect-firing' sS round featured an extra carefully measured propellant charge and seated a heavy 12.8 gram (198 gr) full-metal-jacketed boat-tail projectile of match-grade build quality, lacking usual features such as a seating ring to improve the already high ballistic coefficient of .584 (G1) further. For aiming optics German snipers used the
Zielvier 4x (ZF39)
in 50 m increments for ranges from 100 m up to 800 m or in some variations from 100 m up to 1000 m or 1200 m. There were ZF42, Zielfernrohr 43 (ZF 4), Zeiss Zielsechs 6x and other telescopic sights by various manufacturers like the Ajack 4x, Hensoldt Dialytan 4x and Kahles Heliavier 4x with similar features employed on German sniper rifles. Several different
produced by various manufacturers were used for mounting aiming optics to the rifles. In February 1945 the
active infrared aiming device was issued for night sniping with the
assault rifle.
A total of 428,335 individuals received Red Army sniper training, including Soviet and non-Soviet partisans, with 9,534 receiving the sniping 'higher qualification'. During World War ??, two six-month training courses for women alone trained nearly 55,000 snipers, of which more than two thousand later served in the army.[] On average there was at least one sniper in an infantry platoon and one in every reconnaissance platoon, including in tank and even artillery units.[] Some used the
with an adapted scope as an early example of an .
Canadian Sniper during
Georgian sniper , one of the top snipers of the USSR.
In the United States Armed Forces, sniper training was only very elementary and was mainly concerned with being able to hit targets over long distances. Snipers were required to be able to hit a body over 400 meters away, and a head over 200 meters away. There was almost no instruction in blending into the environment. Sniper training varied from place to place, resulting in wide variation in the qualities of snipers. The main reason the US did not extend sniper training beyond long-range shooting was the limited deployment of US soldiers until the . During the campaigns in
and , most fighting occurred in
and mountainous regions where the potential for concealment was limited, in contrast to Western and Central Europe.
The U.S. Army's lack of familiarity with sniping tactics proved disastrous in Normandy and the campaign in Western Europe where they encountered well trained German snipers. In Normandy, German snipers remained hidden in the dense vegetation and were able to encircle American units, firing at them from all sides. The American and British forces were surprised by how near the German snipers could approach in safety and attack them, as well as by their ability to hit targets at up to 1,000m. A notable mistake made by inexperienced American soldiers was to lie down and wait when targeted by German snipers, allowing the snipers to pick them off one after another. German snipers often infiltrated Allied lines and sometimes when the front-lines moved, they continued to fight from their sniping positions, refusing to surrender until their rations and munitions were exhausted.
Those tactics were also a consequence of changes in German enlistment. After several years of war and heavy losses on the Eastern Front, the German army was forced to rely more heavily on enlisting teenage soldiers. Due to lack of training in more complex group tactics, and thanks to rifle training provided by the , those soldiers were often used as autonomous left-behind snipers. While an experienced sniper would take a few lethal shots and retreat to a safer position, those young boys, due both to a disregard for their own safety and to lack of tactical experience would frequently remain in a concealed position and fight until they ran out of ammunition or were killed or wounded. While this tactic generally ended in the demise of the sniper, giving rise to the nickname "Suicide Boys" that was given to those soldiers, this irrational behavior proved quite disruptive to the Allied forces' progress. After World War II, many elements of German sniper training and doctrine were copied by other countries.
in 1944, holding a
with the 3.5x
In the , the
trained snipers. In the jungles of Asia and the Pacific Islands, snipers posed a serious threat to U.S., British, and
troops. Japanese snipers were specially trained to use the environment to conceal themselves. Japanese snipers used foliage on their uniforms and dug well-concealed hide-outs that were often connected with small trenches. There was no need for long range accuracy because most combat in the jungle took place within a few hundred meters. Japanese snipers were known for their patience and ability to remain hidden for long periods. They almost never left their carefully camouflaged hiding spots. This meant that whenever a sniper was in the area, the location of the sniper could be determined after the sniper had fired a few shots. The Allies used their own snipers in the Pacific, notably the , who used .
Common sniper rifles used during the
include: the Soviet M1891/30
and, to a lesser extent, the G the B the J the American
and . The Italians trained few snipers and supplied them with a scoped .
A US Marine extracts a fired cartridge casing and chambers a new round into his .
Military sniper training aims to teach a high degree of proficiency in
and concealment, stalking,
and map reading as well as precision marksmanship under various operational conditions. Trainees typically shoot thousands of rounds over a number of weeks, while learning these core skills.
Snipers are trained to squeeze the trigger straight back with the ball of their finger, to avoid jerking the gun sideways. The most accurate position is , with a
supporting the , and the stock's cheek-piece against the cheek. In the field, a
can be used instead. Sometimes a
is wrapped around the weak arm (or both) to reduce stock movement. Some doctrines train a sniper to breathe deeply before shooting, then hold their
empty while they line up and take their shot. Some go further, teaching their snipers to shoot between heartbeats to minimize barrel motion.
A sniper, using a
uses two stakes as
to help steady his aim while providing
The key to sniping is accuracy, which applies to both the weapon and the shooter. The weapon should be able to consistently place shots within tight tolerances. The sniper in turn must utilize the weapon to accurately place shots under varying conditions.
A sniper must have the ability to accurately estimate the various factors that influence a bullet's trajectory and point of impact such as: range to the target, wind direction, wind velocity, altitude and elevation of the sniper and the target and ambient temperature. Mistakes in estimation compound over distance and can decrease lethality or cause a shot to miss completely.
their weapons at a target range or in the field. This is the process of adjusting the scope so that the bullet's points-of-impact is at the point-of-aim (centre of scope or scope's cross-hairs) for a specific distance. A rifle and scope should retain its zero as long as possible under all conditions to reduce the need to re-zero during missions.
can serve as a useful platform for shooting a sniper rifle, although any soft surface such as a
will steady a rifle and contribute to consistency. In particular,
help when firing from a prone position, and enable the firing position to be sustained for an extended period of time. Many police and military sniper rifles come equipped with an adjustable bipod. Makeshift bipods known as shooting sticks can be constructed from items such as tree branches or ski poles.
Range and accuracy vary depending on the cartridge and specific ammunition types that are used. Typical ranges for common battle field cartridges are as follows:
Maximum effective range
300–500 m
800-1,000 m
800-1,000 m
900-1,100 m
900-1,200 m
1,300-1,600 m
1,500-2,000 m
1,500-2,000 m
1,900-2,300 m
Two snipers training with .50 cal
Servicemen volunteer for the rigorous sniper training and are accepted on the basis of their aptitude, physical ability, marksmanship, patience and mental stability. Military snipers may be further trained as
(FACs) to direct
(FOs) to direct
From 2011, the Russian armed forces has run newly developed sniper courses in
training centres. In place of the Soviet practice of mainly squad sharpshooters, which were often designated during initial training (and of whom only few become snipers per se), "new" Army snipers are to be trained intensively for 3 months (for conscripts) or longer (for contract soldiers). The training program includes theory and practice of countersniper engagements, artillery spotting and coordination of air support. The first instructors are the graduates of the Solnechnogorsk sniper training centre.
The method of sniper deployment, according to the Ministry of Defence, is likely to be one three-platoon company at the brigade level, with one of the platoons acting independently and the other two supporting the battalions as needed.
US Marine telescopic sight picture during high-angle marksmanship training.
U.S. Air Force Airman positions herself in the bush during an exercise scenario at , Alaska.
Aerial platform shooting training.
The range to the target is measured or estimated as precisely as conditions permit and correct range estimation becomes absolutely critical at long ranges, because a bullet travels with a curved
and the sniper must compensate for this by aiming higher at longer distances. If the exact distance is not known the sniper may compensate incorrectly and the bullet path may be too high or low. As an example, for a typical military sniping cartridge such as
(.308 Winchester) M118 Special Ball round this difference (or “drop”) from 700 to 800 meters (770–870 yd) is 200 millimetres (7.9 in). This means that if the sniper incorrectly estimated the distance as 700 meters when the target was in fact 800 meters away, the bullet will be 200 millimeters lower than expected by the time it reaches the target.
may be used, and range estimation is often the job of both parties in a team. One useful method of range finding without a laser rangefinder is comparing the height of the target (or nearby objects) to their size on the mil dot scope, or taking a known distance and using some sort of measure (utility poles, fence posts) to determine the additional distance. The average human head is 150 millimeters (5.9 in) in width, average human shoulders are 500 millimeters (20 in) apart and the average distance from a person's pelvis to the top of their head is 1,000 millimeters (39 in).
To determine the range to a target without a laser rangefinder, the sniper may use the
on a scope to accurately find the range. Mil dots are used like a
to measure the height of a target, and if the height is known, the range can be as well. The height of the target (in yards) ×1000, divided by the height of the target (in mils), gives the range in yards. This is only in general, however, as both scope magnification (7×, 40×) and mil dot spacing change. The USMC standard is that 1 mil (that is, 1 milliradian) equals 3.438 MOA (, or, equivalently, minute of angle), while the US Army standard is 3.6 MOA, chosen so as to give a diameter of 1 yard at a distance of 1,000 yards (or equivalently, a diameter of 1 meter at a range of 1 kilometer.) Many commercial manufacturers use 3.5, splitting the difference, since it is easier to work with.[]
It is important to note that
(mil) is only an approximation of a
and different organizations use .
At longer ranges, bullet drop plays a significant role in targeting. The effect can be estimated from a chart, which may be memorized or taped to the rifle, although some scopes come with
(BDC) systems that only require the range be dialed in. These are tuned to both a specific class of rifle and specific ammunition. Every bullet type and load will have different . .308 Federal 175 grain (11.3 g) BTHP match shoots at 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s). Zeroed at 100 yards (100 m), a 16.2 MOA adjustment would have to be made to hit a target at 600 yards (500 m). If the same bullet was shot with 168 grain (10.9 g), a 17.1 MOA adjustment would be necessary.
Shooting uphill or downhill is confusing for many because
does not act perpendicular to the direction the bullet is traveling. Thus, gravity must be divided into its component . Only the fraction of gravity equal to the
of the angle of fire with respect to the horizon affects the rate of fall of the bullet, with the remainder adding or subtracting negligible velocity to the bullet along its trajectory. To find the correct zero, the sniper multiplies the actual distance to the range by this fraction and aims as if the target were that distance away. For example, a sniper who observes a target 500 meters away at a 45-degree angle downhill would multiply the range by the cosine of 45 degrees, which is 0.707. The resulting distance will be 353 meters. This number is equal to the horizontal distance to the target. All other values, such as windage, time-to-target, impact velocity, and energy will be calculated based on the actual range of 500 meters. Recently, a small device known as a cosine indicator has been developed. This device is clamped to the tubular body of the , and gives an indicative readout in numerical form as the rifle is aimed up or down at the target. This is translated into a figure used to compute the horizontal range to the target.
Windage plays a significant role, with the effect increasing with wind speed or the distance of the shot. The slant of visible convections near the ground can be used to estimate crosswinds, and correct the point of aim. All adjustments for range, wind, and elevation can be performed by aiming off the target, called "holding over" or . Alternatively, the scope can be adjusted so that the point of aim is changed to compensate for these factors, sometimes referred to as "dialing in". The shooter must remember to return the scope to zeroed position. Adjusting the scope allows for more accurate shots, because the cross-hairs can be aligned with the target more accurately, but the sniper must know exactly what differences the changes will have on the point-of-impact at each target range.
For moving targets, the point-of-aim is ahead of the target in the direction of movement. Known as "leading" the target, the amount of "lead" depends on the speed and angle of the target's movement as well as the distance to the target. For this technique, holding over is the preferred method. Anticipating the behavior of the target is necessary to accurately place the shot.
A sniper wearing a
to remain hidden in grassland terrain
The term "hide site" refers to a covered and concealed position from which a sniper and his team can conduct surveillance or fire at targets. A good hide conceals and camouflages the sniper effectively, provides cover from enemy fire and allows a wide view of the surrounding area.
The main purpose of
and hide sites is to break up the outline of a person with a rifle.
Many snipers use ghillie suits to hide and stay hidden. Ghillie suits vary according to the terrain into which the sniper wishes to blend. For example, in dry grassland the sniper will typically wear a ghillie suit covered in dead grass.
Shot placement, which is where on the body the sniper is aiming, varies with the type of sniper. Military snipers, who generally do not shoot at targets at less than 300 m (330 yd), usually attempt body shots, aiming at the chest. These shots depend on tissue damage, organ trauma, and
to kill the soldier. Body shots are used because the chest is a larger target.
Police snipers, who generally shoot at much shorter distances, may attempt a more precise shot at particular parts of body or particular devices: in one incident in 2007 in , a
sniper took a shot from 80 m (87 yd) at the pistol of a police officer threatening to commit suicide, destroying the weapon and preventing the police officer from killing himself.
In a high-risk or hostage-taking situation where a suspect is imminently threatening to kill a hostage, police snipers may take head shots to ensure an instant kill. The snipers aim for the
to sever the spine from the brain. While this is believed to prevent the target from reflexively firing their weapon, there is evidence that any brain hit is sufficient.
sniper wearing a .
Snipers are trained for the detection, identification, and location of a targeted soldier in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of lethal and non-lethal means. Since most kills in modern warfare are by , reconnaissance is one of the most effective uses of snipers. They use their aerobic conditioning, infiltration skills and excellent long-distance observation equipment (optical scopes) and tactics to approach and observe the enemy. In this role, their
typically let them shoot at high-value targets of opportunity, such as enemy officers.
The targets may be personnel or high-value
(military equipment and weapons) but most often they target the most important enemy personnel such as officers or specialists (e.g. communications operators) so as to cause maximum disruption to enemy operations. Other personnel they might target include those who pose an immediate threat to the sniper, like dog handlers, who are often employed in a search for snipers. A sniper identifies officers by their appearance and behavior such as symbols of rank, talking to , sitting as a passenger in a car, sitting in a car with a large radio antenna, having military servants, binoculars/map cases or talking and moving position more frequently. If possible, snipers shoot in descending order by , or if rank is unavailable, they shoot to disrupt communications.
Some rifles, such as the
and , are designed for a purely
(AM) role, e.g. shooting turbine disks of parked aircraft, missile guidance packages, expensive optics, and the bearings, tubes or wave guides of
sets. A sniper equipped with the correct rifle can target radar dishes, water containers, the engines of vehicles, and any number of other targets. Other rifles, such as the .50 caliber rifles produced by
and McMillan, are not designed exclusively as AM rifles, but are often employed in such a way, providing the range and power needed for AM applications in a lightweight package compared to most traditional AM rifles. Other calibers, such as the
and the .338 Lapua Magnum, are designed to be capable of limited AM application, but are ideally suited as long range anti-personnel rounds.
Often in situations with multiple targets, snipers use relocation. After firing a few shots from a certain position, snipers move unseen to another location before the enemy can determine where they are and mount a counter-attack. Snipers will frequently use this tactic to their advantage, creating an atmosphere of chaos and confusion. In other, rarer situations, relocation is used to eliminate the factor of wind.
are often extremely powerful and consequently loud, it is common for snipers to use a technique known as sound masking. When employed by a highly skilled marksman, this tactic can be used as a substitute for a noise . Very loud sounds in the environment, such as artillery shells air bursting or claps of thunder, can often mask the sound of the shot. This technique is frequently used in , , and .
Due to the surprise nature of sniper fire, high lethality of aimed shots and frustration at the inability to locate and counterattack snipers, sniper tactics have a significant negative effect on morale. Extensive use of sniper tactics can be used to induce constant stress and fear in opposing forces, making them afraid to move about or leave cover. In many ways, the psychological impact imposed by snipers is quite similar to those of , , and
(constant threat, high "per event" lethality, inability to strike back).
Historically, captured snipers are often . This happened during , and , for example the second
when 36 suspected snipers were lined up and shot on 14 July 1943.
As a result, if a sniper is in imminent danger of capture, he may discard any items (sniper rifle, laser rangefinder, etc.) which might indicate his status as a sniper. The risk of captured snipers being summarily executed is explicitly referred to in Chapter 6 of US Army doctrine document FM 3-060.11 entitled "SNIPER AND COUNTERSNIPER TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES":
Historically, units that suffered heavy and continual casualties from urban sniper fire and were frustrated by their inability to strike back effectively often have become enraged. Such units may overreact and violate the laws of land warfare concerning the treatment of captured snipers. This tendency is magnified if the unit has been under the intense stress of urban combat for an extended time. It is vital that commanders and leaders at all levels understand the law of land warfare and understand the psychological pressures of urban warfare. It requires strong leadership and great moral strength to prevent soldiers from releasing their anger and frustration on captured snipers or civilians suspected of sniping at them.
The negative reputation and perception of snipers can be traced back to the , when American "Marksmen" intentionally targeted British officers, an act considered uncivilized by the British Army at the time (this reputation was cemented during the , when
allegedly ordered his marksmen to target British General , an act that won the battle and French support). The British side used specially selected sharpshooters as well, often German mercenaries.
To demoralize enemy troops, snipers can follow predictable patterns. During the
in the , the revolutionaries led by
always killed the foremost man in a group of
's soldiers.[] Realizing this, none of Batista's men would walk first, as it was suicidal. This effectively decreased the army's willingness to search for rebel bases in the mountains. An alternative approach to this psychological process is to kill the second man in the row, leading to the psychological effect of nobody wanting to follow the "leader".
The occurrence of sniper warfare has led to the evolution of many counter-sniper tactics in modern military strategies. These aim to reduce the damage caused by a sniper to an army, which can often be harmful to both combat capabilities and morale.
The risk of damage to a chain of command can be reduced by removing or concealing features that would otherwise indicate an officer's rank. Modern armies tend to avoid saluting officers in the field, and eliminate rank insignia on
(BDU). Officers can seek maximum cover before revealing themselves as good candidates for elimination through actions such as reading maps or using radios.
Friendly snipers can be used to hunt the enemy sniper. Besides direct observation, defending forces can use other techniques. These include calculating the trajectory of a bullet by . Traditionally, triangulation of a sniper's position was done manually, though radar-based technology has recently become available. Once located, the defenders can attempt to approach the sniper from cover and overwhelm them. The United States military is funding a project known as RedOwl (Robot Enhanced Detection Outpost With Lasers), which uses laser and acoustic sensors to determine the exact direction from which a sniper round has been fired.
The more rounds fired by a sniper, the greater the chance the target has of locating him. Thus, attempts to draw fire are often made, sometimes by offering a helmet slightly out of concealment, a tactic successfully employed in the
by the Finns known as "Kylm?-Kalle" (Cold Charlie). They used a shop mannequin or other doll dressed as a tempting target, such as an officer. The doll was then presented as if it were a real man sloppily covering himself. Usually, Soviet snipers were unable to resist the temptation of an apparently easy kill. Once the angle where the bullet came from was determined, a large caliber gun, such as a
"Norsupyssy" ("Elephant rifle") anti-tank rifle was fired at the sniper to kill him.
Other tactics include directing
fire onto suspected sniper positions, the use of , placing -operated munitions, , or other
near suspected sniper positions. Even dummy trip-wires can be placed to hamper sniper movement. If anti-personnel mines are unavailable, it is possible to improvise booby-traps by connecting trip-wires to ,
or . Though these may not kill a sniper, they will reveal their location. Booby-trap devices can be placed near likely sniper hides, or along the probable routes to and from positions. Knowledge of sniper field-craft will assist in this task.
One very old counter-sniper tactic is to tie rags onto bushes or similar items in suspected sniper hides. These rags flutter in the breeze creating movements in the corner of the sniper's eye, which they will often find distracting. The greatest virtue of this tactic is its simplicity and ea however, it is unlikely to prevent a skilled sniper from selecting targets, and may in fact provide a sniper with additional information about the wind near the target.
The use of
units had been very successful, especially during the Vietnam War.
A Georgian sniper in the
The use of sniping (in the sense of shooting at relatively long range from a concealed position) to murder came to public attention in a number of sensational U.S. criminal cases, including the
incident of 1966 (Charles Whitman), the
(Lee Harvey Oswald), and the
of late 2002 (Lee Boyd Malvo). However, these incidents usually do not involve the range or skill in all three cases the perpetrators had U.S. military training, but in other specialties. News reports will often (inaccurately) use the term sniper to describe anyone shooting with a rifle at another person.
Sniping has been used in asymmetric warfare situations, for example in the
, where in 1972, the bloodiest year of the conflict, the majority of the soldiers killed were shot by concealed
riflemen. There were some instances in the early 1990s of British soldiers and
personnel being shot with .50 caliber Barrett rifles by sniper teams collectively known as the .
The sniper is particularly suited to combat environments where one side is at a disadvantage. A careful sniping strategy can use a few individuals and resources to thwart the movement or other progress of a much better equipped or larger force. Sniping enables a few persons to instil terror in a much larger regular force — regardless of the size of the force the snipers are attached to. It is widely accepted that sniping, while effective in specific instances, is much more effective as a broadly deployed psychological attack or as a force-multiplier.
Snipers are less likely to be treated mercifully than non-snipers if captured by the enemy. The rationale for this is that ordinary soldiers shoot at each other at 'equal opportunity' whilst snipers take their time in tracking and killing individual targets in a methodical fashion with a relatively low risk of retaliation.
In 2003, the U.S.-led multinational coalition composed of primarily U.S. and U.K. troops occupied Iraq and attempted to establish a new government in the country. However, shortly after the initial invasion, violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups led to asymmetric warfare with the Iraqi insurgency and civil war between many Sunni and Shia Iraqis.
sniper team in position, Kunduz Province, Afghanistan
Through November 2005, when the Pentagon had last reported a sniper fatality, the Army had attributed 28 of 2,100 U.S. deaths to enemy snipers. More recently, since 2006, insurgent snipers such as "" have caused problems for American troops. Claims have been made that Juba have shot up to 37 American soldiers in Iraq as of October 2006.
In 2006, training materials obtained by U.S. intelligence showed that snipers fighting in Iraq were urged to single out and attack engineers, medics, and chaplains on the theory that those casualties would demoralize entire enemy units. Among the training materials, there included an insurgent sniper training manual that was posted on the Internet. Among its tips for shooting U.S. troops, there read: "Killing doctors and chaplains is suggested as a means of psychological warfare."
Some sniper teams in Afghanistan have killed large numbers of
in quite short periods of time. For example, while in Helmand Province, two British snipers (part of the
Battle group) shot dead a total of 75 Taliban in only 40 days during the summer of 2009. In one session of duty, lasting just two hours, they shot and killed eight Taliban. On another occasion, the same team scored a "Quigley" (i.e., killing two Taliban with a single bullet) at a range of 196 metres.
Taliban snipers have themselves caused problems for coalition forces. For example, over a four-month period in early 2011, two Taliban snipers shot dead two British soldiers and wounded six others at an outpost in Qadrat, . In one unusual incident, an unnamed 55-year-old ex-Mujahideen fighter with a motorbike and an old British-made Enfield rifle killed two British soldiers with a single shot, hitting the first in the head and the second in the neck.
Sniper activity has been reported during the
in 2011, both from anti-governmental and pro-governmental supporters, and in
at least from pro-government forces.
of . Canadian snipers in the
were trained scouts. Specialized equipment includes
No. 4 Mk I(T)
and scope combination and a camouflaged . PAC Photo, by Ken Bell (September 1944).
Even before
were available, soldiers such as
were specially trained as elite marksmen.
, who represented the
in the , was the first recorded British sniper victim, killed by a Royalist soldier hiding in a bell tower in .
() – killed British General
during the pivotal , hampering the British advance which helped cause them to lose the battle.
() - developer of the world's first breech-loaded military rifle (which advanced sniping and sharpshooting tactics), fought with his Corps of Riflemen (recruited from the 6th and 14th Foot) at the , where he may have passed up a chance to shoot George Washington.
– Use of Marine sharpshooters in the mast tops was common usage in navies of the period, and Admiral Nelson's death at Trafalgar is attributed to the actions of French sharpshooters. The British Army developed the concept of directed fire (as opposed to massive unaimed volleys) and formed Rifle regiments, notably the 95th and the 60th who wore green jackets instead of the usual redcoats. Fighting as , usually in pairs and trusted to choose their own targets, they wrought havoc amongst the French during the .
(Peninsular war) – shot French General
and one of his aides at a range of between 200 and 600 metres (219 and 656 yd) using a .
() – commanded 1st and 2nd US Sharpshooters, who were trained and equipped Union marksmen with the .52 caliber . It has been claimed that Berdan's units killed more enemies than any other in the .
() recorded 36 "kills" on his custom-made .50 caliber Kentucky
with iron sights.
During the American Civil War, an unidentified Confederate sniper shot Major General
during the
probably with a British
target rifle at the then-incredible distance of minimum 730 metres (798 yd). Ben Powell of the 12th South Carolina claimed credit, although his account has been discounted because the general he shot at with a Whitworth rifled musket was mounted, probably Brig Gen. William H. Morris. Union troops from the 6th Vermont claim to have shot an unidentified sharpshooter as they crossed the fields seeking revenge. The shooting of Sedgewick caused administrative delays in the Union's attack and led to Confederate victory. Sedgwick ignored advice to take cover, his last words according to
being, "They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist-", whereupon he was shot. In reality, he was shot a few minutes later.
- assassinated Mlimo, the
religious leader, in his cave in , , effectively ending the
(1896). Burnham started as a
and Indian tracker in the , but he left the United States to scout in Africa and went on to command the British Army Scouts in the . For his ability to track, even at night, the Africans dubbed him, He-who-sees-in-the-dark, but in the press he became more widely known as England's American Scout.
: Russian Red Army Soviet sniper during World War II. Credited with 309 kills, she is regarded as one of the top military snipers of all time.
sniper with at least 150 confirm he may have had close to 300 kills in total at Gallipoli, and went on to fight at the Western Front.
sniper credited with 378 kills, and an unknown number of unconfirmed kills. He only took credit for kills when they were verified by an officer.
Finnish Lance Corporal , aka "White Death", was a sniper during the
and is regarded by many as the most effective sniper in the history of warfare, being credited with killing up to 705 (505 sniper kills, and estimated 200 sub-machine gun kills)
soldiers accomplished in fewer than 100 days. H?yh? used a
M/28 "Pystykorva" or "Spitz", variant of the Russian
rifle, and .
has been said to have killed 702 enemy troops, Vladimir Gavrilovich Salbiev with 601 confirmed kills,
with 534 and
with ~500.
Lieutenant
(World War II) – female Soviet sniper with 309 confirmed kills, making her the most successful female sniper in history.
Junior Lieutenant
() – credited with killing about 200 German soldiers during the , he is portrayed in the film
and in the book ; both are fictionalized accounts.
Semen Nomokonov killed 367 persons, including a general.
Gefreiter (Private)
(World War II) –
sniper who was credited with 345 confirmed kills on the Eastern Front, the most successful in the .
Obergefreiter (Private First Class) Josef 'Sepp' Allerberger (World War II) –
sniper credited with 257 confirmed kills on the Eastern Front. (the same situation as has Hetzenauer – German officers seldom confirmed kills).
- Soviet sniper in the Second World War, entered active service at age 17 in March 1944, fighting on the 3rd Belorussian Front as one of the youngest women snipers. She has 257 confirmed kills.[]
– German sniper, who has served in 3. Gebirgsjaegerdivision during WW II and credited 64 confirmed kills.
Chinese Sergeant Tung Chih Yeh claimed to have shot and killed over 100 Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) soldiers using a
during the .
(Chinese: 张桃芳; Traditional Chinese: 張桃芳; Wade–Giles: Zhang Tao-fang) was a Chinese soldier during the . He is credited with 214 confirmed kills in 32 days without using a .
was a New Zealand recipient of the , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He is credited with stalking and killing 33 German snipers in the .
Ian Robertson served as a sniper with Australia's
post World War 2. He became one of the most effective snipers during the Korean War where in one instance he killed 30 enemies in a single morning.
- Soviet sniper during World War II, credited with 59 confirmed kills, including twelve soldiers during the Battle of Vilnius.
() – achieved 93 confirmed kills but believed to have over 200 unconfirmed kills. With a telescopic-scoped .50 caliber
, he set a world record for the longest recorded sniper kill at 2,286 m (2,500 yd) which stood for 35 years until 2002.
() – 103 confirmed and 216 probable kills.
Adelbert F. Waldron III () – achieved 109 confirmed kills.
Master Sgt.
and Sgt. First Class
(: ) – were
snipers who were awarded the
for their fatal attempt to protect the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the .[] This action was later dramatized in the film .
British Army
successfully engaged two
machine gunners south of
in Afghanistan in November 2009 at a range of 2,475 m (2,707 yd), using a
rifle chambered in . These were the
in history.
, formerly of the
(, ) - achieved a recorded and confirmed sniper kill at 2,430 m (2,657 yd) in 2002 using a
(12.7 mm)
, formerly of the
(, ) - briefly held the record for the longest-ever recorded and confirmed sniper kill at 2,310 m (2,526 yd) in 2002 after eclipsing
Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock's previous record established in 1967. Perry used a
(12.7 mm)
Team Three, during four deployments to
between 2003 and 2009, had 255 kills, 160 of which are officially confirmed by . With the force of the official confirmation, and in popular mythology that he be the holder of a title, the figure takes Kyle to being the deadliest marksman in US military history. During the
alone, when
fought running battles in the streets with several thousand insurgents, he killed 40 enemy personnel. For his deadly record as a marksman during his deployment to , the insurgents named him 'Al-Shaitan Ramad' - the Devil of Rahmadi - and put a $20,000 bounty on his head. His most feted shot came outside
in 2008 when he shot an insurgent with a rocket launcher near an
convoy with his
rifle at 1,920 m (2,100 yd). Kyle was honorably discharged in 2009, and on February 2, 2013, was murdered at a shooting range along with another victim in Texas by a Marine veteran suffering from . Subject of the movie .
Corporal Christopher Reynolds of the 3rd. battalion the , the , shot and killed a Taliban commander at a range of 1,853 m (2,026 yd) using a
(8.6 mm)
U.S. Marine Corps Staff Sergeant Steve Reichert - Killed an Iraqi insurgent and possibly injuring two more hiding behind a brick wall with a shot from 1 mile in Lutayfiyah, Iraq on 9 April 2004. Reichert was using a
.50BMG rifle loaded with
multipurpose rounds. During the same engagement Reichert eliminated an Iraqi machine gunner pinning down a squad of Marines from a distance of 1,614 m (1,765 yd).
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Jim Gilliland - Previously held the record for the longest recorded confirmed kill with a 7.62×51mm NATO rifle at 1,250 m (1,367 yd) with a M24, while engaging an Iraqi insurgent sniper in Ramadi, Iraq on 27 September 2005.
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant
- regarded as one of the top snipers still active in the U.S. Army, with 78 confirmed kills during the
and 3 in Haiti.
using a 7.62mm C-3 registered 20 confirmed kills over ten days during .
Sniper, Corporal I.R. Premasiri alias ‘Nero’, of the 5th Battalion in the Gajaba Regiment has 180 confirmed
terrorist kills.
Iraqi insurgent , a sniper who features in several propaganda videos. Juba has allegedly shot 37 American soldiers, although whether Juba is a real individual is unknown. He may be a constructed composite of a number of insurgent snipers.
of the Australian
was awarded the
for his actions in 2006 during
in the Chora Valley of Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan. In that action, patrol sniper Roberts-Smith prevented an outnumbered patrol from being overrun by Anti-Coalition Militia with sniper fire. Subsequently, in early 2011, he became the second Australian to be awarded the
in Afghanistan. During the
in June 2010, having provided sniper over-watch for ground forces from a helicopter with a
rifle, Roberts-Smith was placed into a firefight by helicopter and subsequently eliminated machine gun positions.
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Justin Morales - As part of the U.S. Army CIST (Counter Insurgent Sniper Team) in Iraq, he recorded 27 confirmed kills with a M24 7.62×51mm NATO rifle. From 2005 to 2006, Morales and his team in Balad, Iraq was tasked with seeking out insurgents placing
and Alternate Supply Routes.
U.S. Army SPC Christopher Dale Abbott- As part of a U.S. Army Counter IED team (CIEDT) in Iraq in , he recorded 22 confirmed kills with a M24 7.62×51mm NATO rifle for a period of only 7 months before being injured and sent out of theater. Being a Military Police Officer attached to assist the 25th Infantry Division out of Hawaii, he and his team were tasked with seeking out insurgents placing IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices) along frequently used supply routes.
During May 2017, in
sniper using a
sniper rifle set a new world record for the longest confirmed kill shot at a distance of 3,540 m (3,871 yd). The shot was fired from a high-rise building and the bullet travelled for "under 10 seconds" before hitting the target, an
- plan to kill
using a sniper
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