Thecorridor（走廊）wassonarrowthatIhadto_______myselfagainstthewalltoletthempass.A.pullB.defendC.preventD.pressD山东省临沂市学年高二课程实施水平阶段性质量调研（期中）英语答案The young man has been trying everything in his power to please the director, to get a role in the play. A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．having hoped 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
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& 题目详情
The young man has been trying everything in his powerto please the director, ______ to get a role in the play.A．hoped&&&&&&&&&&& B．hoping&&&&&&&&&&& C．to hope&&&&&&&&&& D．having hoped&
【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查分词做状语。本题的动词hope与句子主语the young man之间构成 了主动关系，过使用现在分词在句中做状语。句意：这个年轻人尝试了他权力范围的所有事情来取悦那个导演，希望能在那部戏里得到一个角色。故B正确。考点：考查分词做状语点评：当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。&
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科目：高中英语
来源：2010年海南省嘉积中学高一下学期期末考试英语卷
题型：完型填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。I am a mother of three and have recently completed my college degree. My teacher’s last 36 &of the term was called “ Smile”. I am a very friendly person and always 37 &at everyone. So I thought this would be very 38 .Soon after we were given the project, my 39 &went out to McDonald’s. We were waiting to be 40 , when all of a sudden everyone around us began to 41 , and even my husband did. There standing behind me were two homeless men 42 .As I looked down at the short gentleman with 43 &eyes, he said, “ Good day.” The second man stood behind his friend. I 44 &the second man was mentally challenged（智障）and the blue-eyed gentleman was his helper.The young 45 &at the counter asked him what they wanted.He said, “ Coffee is all ,Miss.” Because that was all they could 46 .I smiled and asked the young lady to give me two more breakfast meals on a 47tray（托盘）. I then said to the men, “ I did not do this for you. God is here 48 &through me to give you hope.”When I joined my husband, he smiled at me, saying, “That is 49 &God gave you to me, Honey, to give me hope.”I returned to 50 with this story in hand. I 51 “my project” and the teacher read it. Then she looked up at me and said, “ Can I 52 &this with the class?”I slowly 53 and she began to read and that was when I knew that we, as human beings, share this to help people and to be 54.In my own way I had 55 the people at McDonald’s, my husband, sons, teacher, and every person that shared the classroom on the last night I spent as a college student.【小题1】A．questionB．projectC．classD．expression【小题2】A．smileB．laughC．lookD．stare【小题3】A．difficultB．funnyC．important D．easy【小题4】A．teacherB．classmatesC．familyD．children【小题5】A．orderedB．servedC．paidD．called【小题6】A．run awayB．crowd inC．shout outD．move away【小题7】A．in surpriseB．in silenceC．in ragsD．in fear【小题8】A．tearfulB．blueC．closedD．black【小题9】A．realizedB．acceptedC．permittedD．admitted【小题10】A．helperB．gentlemanC．ladyD．friend【小题11】A．drinkB．wantC．takeD．afford【小题12】A．bigB．separateC．flatD．round【小题13】A．workingB．going C．gettingD．carrying【小题14】A．how B．whenC．whereD．why【小题15】A．collegeB．homeC．churchD．McDonald’s【小题16】A．put upB．handed out C．handed in D．put away【小题17】A．publishB．shareC．copyD．keep【小题18】A．turnedB．leftC．shookD．nodded【小题19】A．forgivenB．thankedC．helpedD．remembered【小题20】A．touchedB．knewC．forgotD．recognized
科目：高中英语
来源：2010年海南省嘉积中学高一上学期第二次月考英语卷
题型：完型填空
Do you know what kind of things the young people are reading? More and more &36& and parents have noticed another kind of pollution, which comes from the printed papers &37 &on streets.　　These printed things 38 &newspapers but have hardly anything to do with 39 . You can only find reading materials badly made up there---some are too strange for anyone to 40 ,& others are frightening stories of something &41 &.However, many of the young readers are getting interested in such &42 &reading, which &43&them what they should pay for their breakfast and brings them nightmares（噩梦）and immoral（邪恶）ideas in &44 .& Homework is left &45 ,& and daily games are lost.　　These sellers shout on streets selling their papers well. The writers, publishers and printers, &46 &they are, we never know,& are &47&their silent money.The sheep-skinned wolf’s story seems to have been forgotten once again .Why not 48&this kind of thing? Yes, both teachers and parents have asked each other for more strict control of the young readers. &49 &,the more you want to forbid it, the more they want to have a look at it.&50 &you may even find& several children, driven by the curious natures, &51 &one patched paper,& which has travelled from hand to hand.　　It really does 52 &to our society. It has already formed a sort of moral pollution. The& 53 &teachers and parents need more powerful support in their protection of the young generation. At the same time the young&54 &need more interesting books to help them &55 &those ugly papers.【小题1】A．teachers　　B．writers　　C．readers　　　D．students【小题2】A．found　　　B．soldC．printed　　　D．put【小题3】A．depend on　B．work outC．look like　　D．act as【小题4】A．it　　B．themC．children　　D．young people【小题5】A．understand　B．think　　　C．believe　　D．know【小题6】A．more importantB．still worseC．even betterD．very good【小题7】A．poisonous　　B．wonderfulC．interesting　D．useful【小题8】A．takes　　　　B．spendsC．paysD．costs【小题9】A．use　　　　B．sightC．common　　D．return【小题10】A．undone　　　B．unknownC．much　　　　D．less【小题11】A．who　　　　B．whatC．whoeverD．whatever【小题12】A．using　　　B．making　C．spending　　D．wasting【小题13】A．stop　　　　B．forbidC．separate　　　D．leave【小题14】A．Happily　　B．LuckilyC．UnfortunatelyD．Badly【小题15】A．Seldom　　　B．AlwaysC．Hardly　　　D．Sometimes【小题16】A．take　　　　B．shareC．get　　D．hold【小题17】A．harm　　　　B．goodC．favorD．wrong【小题18】A．worried　　　B．puzzledC．surprised　　D．disappointed【小题19】A．writers　　　B．teachersC．parents　　　D．readers【小题20】A．get off　　　B．come intoC．break down　D．get rid of
科目：高中英语
来源：学年黑龙江龙东地区高二下学期教学联合体期末英语试卷（带解析）
题型：阅读理解
We were flying to a meeting. I was in the middle &&&36&.I found that the young woman sitting next to me was very&& 37 &and deep in thought. Then I asked her where she was from, where she was going and &&38&&she did.She was a student and had been attending &&39 in Poland-----the homeland of her father. Then she told me sadly that her father had &&&40&&&&. She had chosen to attend college in Poland &&41 her father’s wishes and their relationship had been&&42&&.They hadn’t forgiven each other &43&&he died. She seemed so sad. I looked at her, trying to&&44&&some words to say. I asked her if she had forgiven& 45&&for not realizing her father’s dream. She answered that she couldn’t forgive herself& and felt so &46&.Slowly, I began to tell her about forgiveness. I encouraged her to& 47&&that because I believed her father wanted that too. She should forgive herself &48&&how awful she thought she had been. I told her about& 49&&I had done as a teenager for which I had felt guilty for many years. How I was &50&&with the choice of forgiving myself or to &51 &feeling guilty for the rest of my life. I had &52&&to forgive myself . The light in her eyes went on. She began to understand that she was& 53&&&forgiven and could forgive herself. She could be &54&&and happy. How about you? Is there anything in your &55&&for which you feel guilty?【小题1】A．chairB．room C．seatD．class【小题2】A．madB．sadC．angryD．happy【小题3】A．whenB．whichC．howD．what【小题4】A．meetingB．school C．universityD．party【小题5】A．died B．comeC．returnedD．left【小题6】A．for B．againstC．withD．on【小题7】A．badB．goodC．worseD．better【小题8】A．sinceB．afterC．whenD．while【小题9】A．find out B．look up C．go overD．think of【小题10】A．myselfB．yourselfC．himselfD．herself【小题11】A．unhappyB．guiltyC．lonelyD．helpless【小题12】A．trustB．understandC．realizeD．find【小题13】A．as thoughB．even thoughC．if onlyD．no matter【小题14】A．anythingB．nothingC．something D．everything【小题15】A．facedB．forcedC．satisfiedD．challenged【小题16】A．tryB．continueC．startD．consider【小题17】A．pickedB．electedC．selectedD．chosen【小题18】A．totally B．simplyC．alreadyD．hardly【小题19】A．calmB．quietC．freeD．safe【小题20】A．houseB．lifeC．familyD．work
科目：高中英语
来源：学年北京市日坛中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（带解析）
题型：阅读理解
Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman. Thirty years have passed, but Odland can not get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman’s kind reaction(反应). She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland. “It is OK. It wasn’t your fault.” When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO(总裁) with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.Odland isn’t the only CEO to have made this discovery. Instead, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It’s hard to get a dozen CEO’s to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character(人品) than about their wealth and power.The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson’s Unwritten Rules of Management. “A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.” 【小题1】What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman’s dress?A．He was fired.B．He was blamed.C．The woman comforted him.D．The woman left the restaurant at once.【小题2】Odland learned one of his life lessons from ________.A．his experience as a waiter.B．the advice given by the CEOsC．an article in FortuneD．an interesting best-selling book【小题3】According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about ________.A．Fortune 500 companiesB．the Management RulesC．Swanson’s bookD．the Waiter Rule【小题4】From the text we can learn that ________.A．one should be nicer to important peopleB．CEOs often show their power before othersC．one should respect others no matter who they areD．CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants【小题5】The underlined word “rude”here means________A．badB．unfriendlyC．terribleD．friendly
科目：高中英语
来源：学年河南省郑州市第47中学高一下学期第一次月考英语卷
题型：阅读理解
After The Super Girl was shown on TV, it was loved by millions of people, especially the young people. It becomes a hot topic among people. Here are some of their opinions China is a developing country and women now show their abilities as freely as men do. The modern world is a stage for them to show who they are and what they want.
—Nancy , 14 &&&&The Super Girls One of the girls looks like Jolin Tsai (蔡依林) . In Singapore, a show of this kind is called Superstar. I think the competition like this is a good chance for the young girls with the dreams of stage. As for The Super Girl, I hope I can see one international super star coming out from this year's competition .
—Linda , 16 I am worried about these super girls. They are educated in different ways. At their ages, they should be spending more time at school , not on the stage. What are they learning? And for what?
—John , 15 【小题1】What do people think about The Super Girl ? A．It was loved by all the people B．Different people have different ideas C．All the young people enjoyed it very much D．It is not popular among people【小题2】Linda hopes to see &&&&&&&&&&from The Super Girl. A．a show called Superstar in Singapore B．a girl with the name of Jolin Tsai C．an international superstar coming out D．some young girls with dreams of the stage【小题3】John worries about the super girls because these girls &&&&&&&&&&. A．don't spend enough time studying at school B．spend too much time studying at school C．show their abilities in their free time D．are educated in the same way
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＞＞＞Full of ______， he closed his eyes.A．frightB．frightenC．fri..
Full of ______， he closed his eyes.A．frightB．frightenC．frightenedD．frightening
题型：单选题难度：偏易来源：不详
Afright 是名词，意为“恐惧”。
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“Full of ______， he closed his eyes.A．frightB．frightenC．fri..”主要考查你对&&名词，可数名词及其单复数，集合名词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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名词可数名词及其单复数集合名词
名词的概念：
名词(Nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词(CommonNouns），普通名词又可分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类。 名词的数：
1、名词复数的构成方法：(1)在一般情况下，加词尾-s： book/books书 pen/pens钢笔 face/faces脸 (2)以s, x, z, sh, ch等结尾的名词，通常加词尾-es：bus/buses 公共汽车 box/boxes 盒子 dish/dishes 盘子注：有些以ch结尾的名词，由于其发音不是[k]而是[tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach/stomachs胃。 (3)以y结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将y改为ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s：city/cities 城市 boy/boys 男孩 key/keys 钥匙注：以y结尾的专有名词，若在某些特殊情况下需要复数，通常加s构成： Mary/Marys玛丽 Germany/Germanys德国 (4)以o结尾的名词，有些加词尾-s，有些加-es，有些加-s或-es均可： piano/pianos钢琴 tomato/tomatoes西红柿 zero/zero(e)s零 注：有人对英语中所有以o结尾的名词作了统计，一共近200个，其中绝大部分的复数形式通过加词尾-s构成，少数加词尾es。在中学英语范围内，加词尾es的主要有以下4个：tomato西红柿，potato土豆，hero英雄，Negro黑人 (5)以f或fe结尾的名词，也有两种可能：即有些直接加词尾-s，有些则把f/fe改为ves： chief/chiefs首领 roof/roofs屋顶 knife/knives小刀&注：在中学英语范围内，要改f/fe为ves的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词)：wife 妻子，life 生命，knife 小刀，leaf 树叶，thief 贼，half 一半，self 自己，shelf 架子，loaf 面包，wolf 狼。&& 另外，中学英语中的handkerchief(手帕)一词的复数有两种形式：handkerchiefs/handkerchieves，但在现代英语中，以用handkerchiefs为多见。
2、单数与复数同形式的名词：中学英语中主要的有：sheep绵羊，fish鱼，deer鹿，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，Portuguese葡萄牙人，Swiss瑞士人，aircraft飞行器，means方法，series系列，head(牛等的)头数，works工厂，等。注：fish有时也用fishes这样的复数形式，尤其表示种类时；head若不是牲口的“头数”，而是表示“人的头”或“人数”，则要用heads这样的复数形式。
3、不规则的复数名词：有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则：man/men男人 woman/women女人 child/children小孩 tooth/teeth牙齿 foot/feet脚 goose/geese鹅 mouse/mice老鼠 ox/oxen公牛注：(1)一些以man,woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数与man,woman的变化形式相同，如：policeman/policemen警察，gentleman/gentlemen绅士，Englishman/Englishmen英国人，等等。但是human(人)，German(德国人)不是合成词，其复数不能仿man的变化规律，而是按规则变化，即用humans,Germans。&(2)foot表示“英尺”时，其复数可以有两种形式feet/foot，如：He is about six feet/foottall. 他大约6英尺高。 名词可数性的三个易错点：&(1)根据汉语习惯将英语的物质名词误认为是可数名词。如：汉语中的“面包”，一般认为是可数的，可以说“一个面包”、“两个面包”等，但英语中的bread却通常是不可数的，不能相应地用a bread，two breads表示以上意思。不过有趣的是，loaf 表示“面包”却又是可数的，可说a loaf, two loaves。 (2)想当然地判断名词的可数性。如：有的学生认为news (消息)和paper (纸)都不可数，于是便想当然地认为 newspaper (报纸)就一定不可数，但事实上，newspaper却是可数名词；又如：有的同学认为 tear (眼泪)即“泪水”，并将其与water(水)相联系，认为tear 是不可数的，但事实上，tear却是可数的。&(3)受名词一词多义的影响。有的名词不止一个意思，且用于不同意思时，其可数性也有不同，不要形成思维思势。如：aim表示“目的”时是可数名词，表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词；又如 experience表示“经验”时不可数，表示“经历”时则可数；再如:fortune，当它表示“运气”时，不可数(=luck)，当它表示“命运”时，可数，当它表示“财产”时，不可数，但可与a连用。
可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语： (1)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有：these, those, few, a few, many, a good[great] many, agreat[good]number of 等。注：a good[great]many后直接跟名词，没有介词of。&(2)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有：this, that, a few, a little, a bit of, much, no, a great deal of 等。&(3)有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词：all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of等。&(4)有些名词形式上是复数，但却被用作不可数名词，使用much, little等修饰语：He hasn't got much brains.他没什么头脑。 He took much pains to do the work. 他费了不少心做这工作。&I said I wouldn't want much wages. 我说过我不要很多工资。It's high time you were taught a little manners.该是你学一点礼貌的时候了。
单位词与不可数名词数量表示法：单位词是表示事物个体性的词语，不可数名词通常没有复数形式，也不可以用个数计算，要表示不可数名词的个体性需借助单位词： a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of advice一条建议a piece of news一条消息 an article of furniture一件家具 a cake of soap一块香皂 a slice of meat一块a cup of tea一杯茶 a bottle of ink一瓶墨水& 注：不要按汉语习惯在不该用单位词的地方错用单位词，如“一张邮票”只能说a stamp，而不能说a piece of stamp。名词的可数性：
1、名词根据其可数性，可分为可数名词与不可数名词。一般说来，个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的；而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及少部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的，原则性的，并不是绝对的。英语有些名词往往既是可数也可以是不可数的。 A：Would you like a cake? 要吃块蛋糕吗? B：No, I don't like cake.不吃，我不喜欢吃蛋糕。以上第一句用a cake，这是把cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”，所以它是可数的；而第二句只用cake，这是把它当作物质名词看待，所以它成了不可数名词。
2、不同类别名词的可数性。 (1)专有名词的可数性。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性通常是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday)，一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。又如，在一个小范围内，可能只有一个Henry，但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多个Henry，因此我们有时会见到这样的句子：There are five Henrys in our school. 我们学校有五个亨利。另外，若专有名词转化成了普通名词，也可以是可数的：Thousands of LeiFengs have emerged in China.中国涌现出了千千万万个雷锋。 (2)个体名词的可数性。个体名词表示的是一个一个的人或物的个体，所以它通常是可数的。 (3)物质名词的可数性。由于物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体，所以它通常是不可数的。但是，在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等)，有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式： wine酒(不可数)，a wine一种酒(可数)， beer啤酒(不可数)，two beers两杯啤酒(可数)&，glass玻璃(不可数)，some glasses一些玻璃杯(可数) (4)抽象名词的可数性。抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可数的。但是，有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数)，表示具有某种性质的人或事物：success成功(不可数)，asuccess成功的人或事(可数) ，pleasure愉快(不可数)，apleasure令人愉快的人或事(可数) (5)集合名词的可数性。集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，它本身通常是可数的，其复数形式表示多个集合体：a family一个家庭，three families三个家庭 a team一个队，two teams两个队 a crowd一群人，crowds多群人名词知识体系：
&特殊名词的复数形式：
1、复合名词的复数形式。通常是将其主要名词变为复数：passer-by/passers-by 过路人 shoe-maker/shoe-makers 鞋匠&& looker-on/lookers-on 旁观者 on-looker/on-lookers 旁观者 father-in-law/fathers-in-law 岳父 若没有主要名词，则通常在最后一个词加s：go-between/go-betweens中间人，媒人 know-all/know-alls 万事通注：由man/woman用于另一名词前构成的合成名词，两者均变为复数：man doctor/men doctors男医生&& woman writer/women writers 女作家 2、字母、文字、数字、符号等的复数形式。原则上加词尾-'s： There are two i's in the word"skiing". skiing.这个词里有两个字母i。 如：Mind your p's and q's. 要谨言慎行。&&&&&&&& All the–'s should be changed to+'s. 所有的正号应改为负号。注：若不至于发生混淆，也可只加词尾s。如：He was born in the 1930(')s. 他出生在20世纪30年代。 &&&&&&& Your 3(')s look like 8(')s. 你写的3看起来像似8。 3、度量衡单位的缩写词的复数形式。一般不加词尾-s： m(meter, meters)米 km(kilometer, kilometers)千米 kg(kilogramme, kilogrammes)千克 cm(centimeter, centimeters)厘米；有的缩写词也加s：hr(hours)/hrs(hours)小时 No(number)/Nos(Numbers)号码；有个别缩写词采用重复最后一个字母的方式构成复数形式：p.10(page10)第10页 pp.10(pages10through15)第10至15页 可数名词：
是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 可数名词复数的规则变化：&
1.清辅音后读/s/; 2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/;&
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
bus-buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾 的词　
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词　　
变y 为i再加es
baby-babies另外： 1）以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：　 如：two Marys　the Henrys&&&&& monkey---monkeys　holiday---holidays　　 比较：层楼：storey---storeys　 story---stories 2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos　　piano---pianos&b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes　tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes　 3）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs　roof---roofs&& safe---safes　 gulf---gulfs； b. 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves& wife---wives　life---lives　thief---thieves； c. 均可，如：handkerchief:& handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 可数名词复数的不规则变化： 1）child---children　foot---feet　 tooth---teeth&& mouse---mice　 man---men　woman---women　& 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。& 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形　如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin　 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: && a dollar,　 a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如：staff& people　police　cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a staff& a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，&the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。& 如：The Chinese are industries and brave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 　"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 　&&一千零一夜&&是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)　trousers,　clothes&； 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);　suit(套); two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 复合名词的复数形式： && 名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1）用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会& students reading-room 学生阅览室　& talks table 谈判桌　&&& the foreign languages department 外语系 2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workers　　women teachers　gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车)& arms produce　武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs　两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)& a ten-mile walk 十里路　 two-hundred trees 两百棵树&&&&&&&&&&& a five-year plan　一个五年计划　　&可数名词单复数知识体系：
&不同国籍人的单复数：
集合名词定义：
（英语：Collective noun）是语言学上的一个专有名词，意指一种可用来指称一群对象的词，而这些对象，可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 例如：family (家庭)，& cattle (牛, 牲畜)，& goods (货物)，&baggage/luggage (行李)， hair (头发, 毛发)， fruit (水果) 集合名词用法特点：
(1) family (家庭)，team (队)，class (班)，audience (听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。比较：This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 &&&&&&&&&&& This class are studying English now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。 (2) cattle (牛，牲畜)，people (人)，police (警察)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与a(n)连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如：People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。 &&&&&&& The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 &&&&&&& For these many cattle were killed. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注：表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head (单复数同形)。如：three head of cattle 3头牛，&&&&&&& twenty (head of) cattle 20头牛。 (3) goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特点是：只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数)，但通常不与数词连用。如：Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 &&&&&&& To whom do these goods belong? 这些书是谁的？ (4) baggage/luggage (行李), clothing (衣服), furniture (家具), machinery (机器), poetry (诗), scenery (风景), jewelry (珠宝)，equipment (设备)等，其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如：Our clothing protects us from[against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 &&&&&&& Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗? 特别提醒：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery& 相应的个体可数名词是machine, poem, jewel, scene。如：a poem/a piece of poetry 一首诗，many machines/ much machinery/ many pieces of machinery 许多机器。几个特殊的集合名词：
① hair (头发，毛发)：指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。如：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。 &&&&&&& The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。 ② mankind (人类)：是一个不可数的集合名词，不用复数形式，也不连用冠词。如：This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。 &&&&&&& Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。特别提醒：mankind表示“人(类)”时，虽不可数，但有时却可以表示复数意义，尤其是当其表语是复数时。如：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。 ③ fruit(水果)：作为集合名词，它通常是不可数的。如：He doesn't not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 &&&&&&& He is growing fruit in the country. 他在农村种水果。但是，当要表示种类时，它可视为可数名词，即afruit指一种水果，fruits指多种水果。体会： Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 &&&&&&&&&&&&& The potato is a vegetable, not a&fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。
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