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USMC - Marines Corps - Close Quarter Combat (CQC) - Self Defe
MCRP 3-02BClose CombatU.S. Marine Corps12 February 1999DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Headquarters United States Marine Corps Washington, D.C. 18 February 1999 FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE Today’s Marines operate within a continuum of force where conflict may change from low intensity to high intensity over a matter of hours. Marines are also engaged in many military operations other than war, such as peacekeeping missions or noncombatant evacuation operations, where deadly force may not be authorized. During noncombative engagements, Marines must determine if a situation warrants applying deadly force. Sometimes Marines must decide in a matter of seconds because their lives or the lives of others depend on their actions. To make the right decision, Marines must understand both the lethal and nonlethal close combat techniques needed to handle the situation responsibly without escalating the violence unnecessarily. Marine Corps Reference Publication (MCRP) 3-02B, Close Combat, provides the tactics, techniques, and procedures of Marine Corps close combat. It also provides the doctrinal basis for the Marine Corps Close Combat Training Program (MCCCTP). 2. SCOPE This publication guides individual Marines, unit leaders, and close combat instructors in the proper tactics, techniques, and procedures for close combat. MCRP 3-02B is not intended to replace supervision by appropriate unit leaders and close combat instruction by qualified instructors. Its role is to ensure standardization and execution of tactics, techniques, and procedures throughout the Marine Corps. 3. SUPERSESSION MCRP 3-02B supersedes Fleet Marine Force Manual (FMFM) 0-7, Close Combat, dated 9 July 1993. There are significant differences between the two publications. MCRP 3-02B should be reviewed in its entirety.4. WARNING Techniques described in this publication can cause serious injury or death. Practical application in the training of these techniques will be conducted in strict accordance with approved Entry Level Close Combat, Close Combat Instructor (CCI), and Close Combat Instructor Trainer (CCIT) lesson plans. Where serious danger exists, the reader is alerted by the following:WARNING5. CERTIFICATION Reviewed and approved this date. BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPSJ. E. RHODES Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps Commanding General Marine Corps Combat Development Command DISTRIBUTION: 144
OVERVIEW OF CLOSE COMBAT1. Purpose of Close CombatClose combat is the physical confrontation between two or more opponents. It involves armed and unarmed and lethal and nonlethal fighting techniques that range from enforced compliance to deadly force. The purpose of close combat is to execute armed and unarmed techniques to produce both lethal and nonlethal results. Unarmed techniques include hand-to-hand combat and defense against hand-held weapons. Armed techniques include techniques applied with a rifle, bayonet, knife, baton, or any weapon of opportunity. one person complies with the demands imposed by another person. This range of actions is known as a continuum of force. Continuum of force is the concept that there is a wide range of possible actions, ranging from voice commands to application of deadly force, that may be used to gain and maintain control of a potentially dangerous situation (MCO 5500.6_, Arming of Security and Law Enforcement [LE] Personnel and the Use of Force). Continuum of force consists of five levels that correspond to the behavior of the people involved and the actions Marines use to handle the situation (see the table below). Close combat techniques are executed in levels three, four, and five.2. Continuum of ForceMarines will find themselves in both combative and noncombative situations. The threat level in these situations can rise and fall several times based on the actions of both Marines and the people involved. The escalation of force stops when.Level One: Compliant (Cooperative)The subject complies with verbal commands. Close combat techniques do not apply.Level Two: Resistant (Passive)The subject resists verbal commands but complies immediately to any contact controls. Close combat techniques do not apply.Continuum of Force Level 1 2 3 4 5 Description Compliant (Cooperative) Resistant (Passive) Resistant (Active) Assaultive (Bodily Harm) Assaultive (Serious Bodily Harm/ Death) Actions Verbal commands Contact controls Compliance techniques Defensive tactics Deadly forceNote: Shading indicates levels in which Marines use close combat techniques.vi _________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-02BLevel Three: Resistant (Active)The subject initially demonstrates physical resistance. Marines use compliance techniques to control the situation. Level three incorporates close combat techniques to physically force a subject to comply. Techniques include―l l lachieve an effect that is greater than their separate sum.Achieving a DecisionAchieving a decision is important in close combat. An indecisive fight wastes energy and possibly Marines’ lives. Whether the intent is to control an opponent through restraint or defend themselves in war, Marines must have a clear purpose before engaging in close combat and act decisively once engaged.Come-along holds. Soft-handed stunning blows. Pain compliance through joint manipulation and the use of pressure points.Level Four: Assaultive (Bodily Harm)The subject may physically attack Marines, but he does not use a weapon. Marines use defensive tactics to neutralize the threat. Defensive tactics include the following close combat techniques:l l l l lGaining an AdvantageA basic principle of martial arts is to use the opponent’s strength and momentum against him to gain more leverage than one’s own muscles alone can generate, thereby gaining an advantage. In close combat, Marines must exploit every advantage over an opponent to ensure a successful outcome. This can include employing various weapons and close combat techniques that will present a dilemma to an opponent. Achieving surprise can also greatly increase leverage. Marines try to achieve surprise through deception, stealth, and ambiguity.Blocks. Strikes. Kicks. Enhanced pain compliance procedures. Nightstick blocks and blows.Level Five: Assaultive (Serious Bodily Harm/Death)The subject usually has a weapon and will either kill or seriously injure someone if he is not stopped immediately and brought under control. Typically, to control the subject, Marines apply deadly force through the use of a firearm, but they may also use armed and unarmed close combat techniques.SpeedMarines use speed to gain the initiative and advantage over the enemy. In close combat, the speed and violence of the attack against an opponent provides Marines with a distinct advantage. Marines must know and understand the basics of close combat so they can act instinctively with speed to execute close combat techniques.Adapting3. Marine Corps Tactical ConceptsClose combat techniques support the following key Marine Corps tactical concepts. The concepts are not standalone ideas but are to be combined toClose combat can be characterized by friction, uncertainty, disorder, and rapid change. Each situation is a unique combination of shifting factors that cannot be controlled with precision or certainty. For example, a crowd control mission may call for Marines to employ various techniques ranging from nonlethal restraint to more forceful applications. Marines who adapt quickly will have a significant advantage.Close Combat ______________________________________________________________________________________________ viiExploiting SuccessTypically, an enemy will not normally surrender simply because he was placed at a disadvantage. Marines cannot be satisfied with gaining an advantage in a close combat situation. They mustexploit any advantage aggressively and ruthlessly until an opportunity arises to completely dominate the opponent. Marines must exploit success by using every advantage that can be gained.(reverse blank)Close CombatTable of ContentsPageOverview of Close Combat Chapter 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Fundamentals of Close Combat 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9Ranges of Close Combat Weapons of the Body Target Areas of the Body Pressure Points of the Body Basic Warrior Stance Angles of Approach and Movement Balance and Off-Balancing Falls Lethal and Nonlethal Weapons TechniquesChapter 2. 1. 2. 3. 4.Bayonet Techniques Nonlethal Rifle and Shotgun Retention Techniques Nonlethal Handgun Retention Techniques Firearm Disarmament Techniques Hand-Held Weapons2-1 2-6 2-8 2-12Chapter 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.Fundamentals of Knife Fighting Knife Fighting Techniques Weapons of Opportunity Fundamentals of Combative Stick Combative Stick Techniques Blocking Techniques Unarmed Against Hand-Held Weapons Counters to Hand-Held Weapon Attacks Strikes3-1 3-3 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-9 3-11 3-13Chapter 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Principles of Punches Punches Strikes with the Upper Body Strikes with the Lower Body Counters to Strikes4-1 4-2 4-4 4-10 4-12Close Combat______________________________________________________________________________________________ivPageChapter 5.Throws 5-1 5-2 5-31. Turning Throw 2. Hip Throw 3. Leg Sweep Chapter 6. Chokes and Holds1. Types of Chokes 2. Chokes 3. Counters to Chokes and Holds Chapter 7. Ground Fighting6-1 6-1 6-51. Offensive Ground Fighting 2. Defensive Ground Fighting 3. Ground Fighting Chokes Chapter 8. Nonlethal Techniques7-1 7-3 7-51. Unarmed Restraints and Manipulation 2. Nonlethal Baton Appendices A. Pugil Stick Training B. Safety Precautions During Training8-1 8-9A-1 B-1CHAPTER 1FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOSE COMBATThis chapter describes all techniques for a right-handed person. However, all techniques can be executed from either side. The Marine is depicted in camouflage utilities. The opponent is depicted without camouflage. The fundamentals of close combat include ranges, weapons of the body, target areas of the body, and pressure points of the body. These fundamentals form the basis for all close combat techniques. They provide Marines with a common framework regardless of the type of confrontation or the techniques used. If Marines apply these fundamentals properly in a close combat situation, they may save their lives or the lives of fellow Marines. During any engagement, these ranges may blur together or may rapidly transition from one to another until either the opponent is defeated or the conflict is resolved.Long RangeDuring long range engagements, combatants engage each other with rifles, bayonets, sticks, or entrenching tools. See figure below.1. Ranges of Close CombatClose combat engagements occur within three ranges: long range, midrange, and close range.1-2_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BMidrangeDuring midrange engagements, combatants engage each other with knives, punches, or kicks.Fists. To minimize injuryto the fists, Marines use their fists as weapons to target soft tissue areas such as the throat. The fists’ striking surfaces are the first two knuckles of the hands or the meaty portions of the hands below the little fingers.Edge of Hand. Marinesuse the edge of the hand (knife edge) as a weapon. Marines use the edge of the hand to strike soft tissue areas.Close RangeDuring close range engagements, combatants grab each other. Close range engagements also involve elbow strikes, knee strikes, and grappling.Palms. Because of thepalm’s padding, Marines use the heels of the palms to strike, parry, and/or block.Fingers. Marines use thefingers to gouge, rip, and tear soft tissue areas (e.g., eyes, throat, groin).2. Weapons of the BodyHands and ArmsThe hands, forearms, and elbows are the arm’s individual weapons. The hands consist of several areas that can be used as weapons: fists, edges of hands, palms, and fingers.Forearms. Marines use the forearms as a defen-sive tool to deflect or block attacks. Forearms can also be used as striking weapons to damage or break an opponent’s joints and limbs. Marines sustain less self-injury when strikes are conductedClose Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________1-3with the forearms than when strikes are conducted with fists and fingers.Elbows. Marines use the elbows as strikingdevastating secondary attack to an opponent’s face following an initial attack that caused him to bend at the waist.weapons. Because of the short distance needed to generate power, elbows are excellent weapons for striking during the close range of close combat.3. Target Areas of the BodyDuring close combat, Marines strive to attack the accessible target areas of an opponent’s body. The readily accessible areas will vary with each situation and throughout the engagement. The target areas are divided into five major groups: head, neck, torso, groin, and extremities. The figure below illustrates target areas of the body.LegsThe legs are more powerful than any other weapon of the body, and they are less prone to injury when striking. The feet are protected by boots and are the preferred choice for striking.Feet. Marines use the balls of the feet, the insteps,and the toes to kick an opponent. Marines use the cutting edge of the heels and the heels to stomp on an opponent. Marines must be wearing boots when striking with the toes.Knees. Like elbows, knees are excellent weapons in the close range of close combat. Knee strikes are most effective while fighting close to an opponent where kicks are impractical. The opponent’s groin area is an ideal target for the knee strike if he is standing upright. Knee strikes can deliver aTemple Ears Carotid Sinus Jaw Eyes NoseHeadThe vulnerable regions of the head are the eyes, temple, nose, ears, and jaw. Massive damage to the head kills an opponent.Eyes. The eyes are excellent targets because theyare soft tissue areas that are not protected by bone or muscle. Attacks to this area may cause the opponent to protect the area with his hands, allowing Marines to execute a secondary attack to otherCervical VertebraeClavicleSolar Plexus ExtremitiesRibs Kidneys GroinExtremities1-4_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02Btarget areas while the opponent uses his hands to protect his eyes.Temple. The temple is one of the most fragile ar-and spinal cord. Excessive damage to this area causes pain, paralysis, or death.TorsoClavicle. The opponent’s clavicle (or collar bone)eas of the head. Powerful strikes to the opponent’s temple cause permanent damage and death.Nose. The nose is very sensitive and easily bro-can be easily fractured, causing immobilization of the arm.Solar Plexus. Attacks to the opponent’s solarken. An attack to this area causes involuntary watering and closing of the opponent’s eyes, rendering him vulnerable to secondary attacks. However, through training, individuals can condition themselves to withstand attacks to the nose. Therefore, any attack to the nose must be powerfully delivered.Ears. Attacks to the ears may cause the eardrumplexus or center of the chest can knock the breath out of him and immobilize him.Ribs. Damage to the opponent’s ribs immobilizeshim. It may also cause internal trauma.Kidneys. Powerful attacks to the opponent’s kid-to rupture. But this may not stop or even distract an opponent unless Marines powerfully deliver the strike.Jaw. The jaw region, when struck forcefully, ren-neys cause immobilization, permanent damage, or death.GroinThe groin area is another soft tissue area not covered by natural protection. Any damage to this area causes the opponent to involuntarily protect his injured area, usually with his hands or legs. In male opponents, the scrotum is the main target since even a near miss causes severe pain, contraction of the lower abdominal muscles, deterioration of his stance, and possible internal trauma.ders the opponent unconscious. Strikes to the jaw cause painful injuries to the teeth and surrounding tissues (e.g., lips, tongue), but the risk of self-injury is great unless Marines deliver strikes with a hard object such as a helmet, rifle butt, or boot heel.NeckThe front of the neck, or throat area, is a soft tissue area that is not covered by natural protection. Damage to this region causes the opponent’s trachea to swell, closing his airway, which can lead to death.Carotid Sinus. The carotid sinus is located on both sides of the neck just below the jaw. Strikes to the carotid sinus restrict blood flow to the brain, causing loss of consciousness or death. Cervical Vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae onExtremitiesRarely will an attack to the opponent’s extremities (arms and legs) cause death, but they are important target areas in close combat. Damage to an opponent’s joints causes immobilization.4. Pressure Points of the BodyThere are nerves in the human body that, when pressure is applied or when they are struck, allow Marines to control a subject through pain compliance. Marines use pressure points to control an opponent when deadly force is not authorized. They also use pressure points to soften or distract an opponent so a lethal or nonlethal technique can be employed. The figure on page 1-5 illustratesthe back of the neck, from the base of the skull to the top of the shoulders, contains the spinal cord, which is the nervous system’s link to the brain. The weight of the head and the lack of large muscle mass allow damage to the cervical vertebraeClose Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________1-5the body’s pressure points. Marines execute attacks to pressure points by―l lJugular NotchThe jugular notch is at the base of the neck in the notch formed at the center of the clavicle. Marines apply pressure in a quick, stabbing motion with the index finger. Strikes to the jugular notch cause serious damage.Rapidly kicking or striking pressure points. Slowly applying steady pressure to pressure points.Infraorbital NerveThe infraorbital nerve is just below the nose. Marines apply pressure to this nerve with an index finger to control the opponent.Brachial Plexus (Tie In)The brachial plexus (tie in) is on the front of the shoulder at the joint. Strikes and pressure applied with the hand are effective on this nerve.Mastoid ProcessThe mastoid process is behind the base of the ear and beneath the edge of the jaw. Marines apply inward and upward pressure to this pressure point with the fingers to distract and control the opponent.Radial NervesRadial nerves are on the inside of the forearms along the radius bones. Strikes and pressure applied with the hand to the radial nerve serve as a softening technique.1-6_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BUlnar NerveUlnar nerves are on the outside of the forearms along the ulnar bones. Strikes and pressure applied with the hand to the ulnar nerve serve as a softening technique.the basic warrior stance, Marines put their feet apart, hands up, elbows in, and chin down.Feet ApartPlace feet shoulder-width apart. Keep the head forward and eyes on the opponent, take a half step forward with the left foot, and pivot on the heels so the hips and shoulders are at approximately a 45-degree angle to the right. Distribute body weight evenly on both legs. Bend the knees slightly.Pressure Point on the HandThe hands contain a pressure point on the webbing between the thumbs and index fingers where the two bones of the fingers meet. To force an opponent to soften or release his grip, Marines apply pressure with their index fingers to this pressure point or strike this pressure point with their fists.Femoral NervesFemoral nerves are on the inside of the thighs along the femur bones. Strikes to the femoral nerve serve as a softening technique.Hands UpCurl the fingers naturally into the palm of the hand. Position the thumb across the index and middle fingers. Do not clench the fists. Clenching the fists increases muscular tension in the forearms and decreases speed and reaction time. Bring the hands up to the face at chin level, with the palms facing each other. Hold the fists up high enough to protect the head, but not so high that they block the field of vision. Ensure continuous eye contact with the opponent.Peroneal NervesPeroneal nerves are on the outside of the thighs along the femur bones. Strikes to the peroneal nerve serve as a softening technique.Pressure Points on the FeetThere are pressure points on the feet that, when pressure is applied or when they are struck, serve to soften or distract the opponent. Marines apply pressure with the toe, edge, or heel of their boots to the following points:l l lThe notch below the ball of the ankle. The top center of the foot, above the toes. The top of the foot where the leg and foot meet.5. Basic Warrior StanceAchieving a solid stance is critical to stability and movement throughout any close combat confrontation. The basic warrior stance provides the foundation for stability and movement that is needed to execute close combat techniques. To executeElbows InTuck the elbows in close to protect the body.Chin DownTuck the chin down to take advantage of the natural protection provided by the shoulders.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________1-76. Angles of Approach and MovementMarines use movement to control a confrontation and to retain a tactical advantage. Movement increases power and maximizes momentum. By moving around the opponent, Marines gain access to different target areas of the opponent’s body. Movement allows Marines to use different weapons of the body and different close combat techniques to attack specific target areas.Forward to the Left. To move forward to the leftfrom the basic warrior stance, Marines―llMove the left foot forward at a 45-degree angle from the body (approximately 12 to 15 inches), keeping the toe pointed toward the opponent. Bring the right foot behind the left foot as soon as the left foot is in place. This returns Marines to the basic warrior stance.Forward to the Right. To move forward to theright from the basic warrior stance, Marines―Angles of ApproachMarines move anywhere within a 360-degree circle around the opponent to gain a tactical advantage. This circle provides access to different target areas of the opponent’s body. When facing an opponent, Marines move in a 45degree angle to either side of the opponent. Moving at a 45-degree angle avoids an opponent’s strike and puts Marines in the best position to attack the opponent. Marines should avoid being directly in front of an opponent during a confrontation. If a Marine is directly in front of an opponent, the opponent can rely on his forward momentum and linear power to seize the tactical advantage.llMove the right foot forward at a 45-degree angle from the body (approximately 12 to 15 inches). Bring the left foot, toe pointing toward the opponent, in front of the right foot as soon as the right foot is in place. This returns Marines to the basic warrior stance.Backward to the Left. To move backward to theleft from the basic warrior stance, Marines execute the forward movement in reverse. Marines―lMovementMarines must know how to move in all directions while maintaining the basic warrior stance. During any movement, the legs or feet should not be crossed. Once a movement is completed, the basic warrior stance should be resumed. Maintaining the basic warrior stance protects Marines and puts them in the proper position to launch an attack against an opponent. Note: Before body movement begins, Marines turn their heads quickly to the new direction. The faster the head turns, the faster the body moves, and the quicker Marines attain visual contact with the opponent.lMove the left foot backward at a 45-degree angle from the body (approximately 12 to 15 inches), keeping the toe pointed toward the opponent. Bring the right foot behind the left foot as soon as the left foot is in place. This returns Marines to the basic warrior stance.Backward to the Right. To move backward tothe right from the basic warrior stance, Marines execute the forward movement in reverse. Marines―llMove the right foot backward at a 45-degree angle from the body (approximately 12 to 15 inches). Bring the left foot, toe pointing toward the opponent, in front of the right foot as soon as the right foot is in place. This returns Marines to the basic warrior stance.1-8_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02B7. Balance and Off-BalancingBalanceIn any close combat situation, Marines must strive to maintain balance. The last place to be in a close combat situation is on the ground. Marines must maintain a strong base and a low center of balance, their feet must be a shoulder-width apart, and they must stay on their toes to enable quick movement.Angles of Off-balancingThere are eight angles or directions in which an opponent can be off-balanced: forward, rear, right, left, forward right, forward left, rear right, and rear left.Off-balancingMarines use off-balancing techniques to control an opponent. These techniques are used to throw an opponent to the ground while Marines remain standing, or they are used to put Marines in a position for an offensive attack. Off-balancing techniques use the opponent’s momentum to move or throw him. For example, if the opponent is charging a Marine, the Marine pulls the opponent to drive him to the ground. Likewise, if the opponent is pulling a Marine, the Marine pushes the opponent to drive him to the ground. Off-balancing techniques also rely on the power generated by the opponent. For example, during combat a Marine may be tired or outnumbered. Depending on the generated energy and momentum of the opponent, the Marine employs off-balancing techniques with very little effort and still provides effective results. Because off-balancing techniques rely on the momentum and power generated by the opponent, these techniques are particularly effective for Marines who may be outsized by their opponent or lack their opponent’s strength.Note: The angles correspond to the Marine’s perspective, not the opponent’s. Forward, rear, right, and left are straight angles. Forward right, forward left, rear right, and rear left are considered quadrants that are at a 45-degree angle in either direction to the front or rear.Off-balancing TechniquesMarines off-balance an opponent by pushing, pulling, or bumping the opponent with their hands, arms, or bodies. To pull, Marines grab an opponent with their hands and drive him forcefully to one of the rear quadrants or to the right or left.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________1-9To push, Marines grab the opponent with their hands and drive him forcefully into one of the front quadrants or to the right or left. Marines execute bumping in the same manner as pushing, but use their shoulders, hips, and legs instead of their hands to off-balance the opponent.Fall forward, breaking the fall with the forearms and palms. The forearms and hands, down to the fingertips, should strike the ground simultaneously. Offer resistance with the forearms and hands to keep the head raised off the ground.8. FallsMarines may lose their balance or be thrown to the ground during encounters with an opponent. Marines use falling techniques to absorb the impact of a fall and to quickly return to their feet following an opponent’s attack. Whether falling or being thrown by an opponent, Marines strive to reduce the force of the impact, to prevent serious personal injury, and to increase the chances of survival. Falling techniques use the body’s large muscles (back, thighs, buttocks) to protect vital organs and bones from injury and immobilization.Side FallMarines execute a side fall to break a fall on the side. To execute the side fall, Marines― Bring the right arm across the body so the hand is next to the left shoulder with the palm facing inboard.Front FallMarines execute a front fall to break a fall on the front. To execute the front fall, Marines― Bend the elbows and place the palms facing out in a position to spread and absorb the impact of the fall.Fall to the side, breaking the fall with the right arm by slapping the ground and making contact from the shoulder or forearm down to the hand. At the same time, tuck the chin and keep the head1-10______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02Braised off the ground. The chin should be tucked to the chest at all times to prevent whiplash.Fall backward and slap the ground with the forearms and hands to absorb the impact of the fall and keep the head off the ground.Stretch the right leg out to make contact with the ground and to distribute and absorb the impact. Bend the left leg, allowing the foot to make contact with the ground.Forward Shoulder RollMarines use the forward shoulder roll to break a fall from an opponent’s attack and to use the momentum of the fall to get back on their feet quickly. Ideally, Marines execute the forward shoulder roll to a standing position so they can continue fighting. To execute the forward shoulder roll, Marines― Contact the ground with the back of the right forearm and upper arm. Tuck the chin into the chest.Back FallMarines execute a back fall to break the fall when being thrown or falling backward. To execute the back fall, Marines― Cross the hands in front of the chest and tuck the chin.Roll onto the right shoulder, rolling diagonally across the back to land on the left hip. Slap the ground with the left arm, absorbing the impact from the shoulder to the hand, palm down.Close Combat___________________________________________________________________________________________1-11Keep the left leg straight to absorb as much of the impact as possible. The right leg is bent and the foot hits flat on the ground.Bend the left leg upon impact to push off with the left knee and leg to a squatting and then a standing position. Forward momentum should carry the Marine to a standing position.(reverse blank)CHAPTER 2LETHAL AND NONLETHAL WEAPONS TECHNIQUESThis chapter describes all techniques for a right-handed person. However, all techniques can be executed from either side. In drawings, the Marine is depicted in woodland
the opponent is depicted without camouflage. In photographs, the Marine is depicted in woodland
the opponent is depicted in desert camouflage utilities.1. Bayonet TechniquesWARNING During training, Marines must have bayonets sheathed. Marines use bayonet dummies to practice bayonet techniques. When practicing offensive and defensive bayonet techniques student-on-student, Marines use pugil sticks.Holding the RifleTo execute bayonet techniques, Marines hold the rifle in a modified basic warrior stance. All movement begins and ends with the basic warrior stance. To hold the rifle, Marines― Use an overhanded grasp to grab the small of the rifle’s stock. Use an underhanded grasp to grab the handguards of the rifle. Lock the buttstock of the rifle against the hip with the right forearm. Orient the blade end of the rifle toward the opponent.All Marines armed with a rifle carry a bayonet. The bayonet is an effective weapon if Marines are properly trained in offensive and defensive bayonet techniques. An offensive attack, such as a thrust, is a devastating attack that can quickly end a fight. Defensive techniques, such as the block and parry, can deter the opponent’s attack and allow Marines to regain the initiative. Through proper training, Marines develop the courage and confidence required to effectively use a bayonet to protect themselves and destroy the enemy. In situations where friendly and enemy troops are closely mingled and rifle fire and grenades are impractical, the bayonet becomes the weapon of choice.Offensive Bayonet TechniquesStraight Thrust. Marines use the straight thrustto disable or kill an opponent. It is the most deadly offensive technique because it causes the most trauma to an opponent. Target areas are the opponent’s throat, groin, or face. The opponent’s chest and stomach are also excellent target areas if not2-2_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02Bprotected by body armor or combat equipment. To execute the straight thrust, Marines― Lift the left leg and lunge forward off the ball of the right foot while thrusting the blade end of the weapon forward, directly toward the opponent.Horizontal Buttstroke. Marines use the horizon-tal buttstroke to weaken an opponent’s defenses, to cause serious injury, or to set him up for a killing blow. Target areas are the opponent’s head, neck, and legs. To execute the horizontal buttstroke, Marines― Step forward with the right foot and drive the right hand forward. Rotate the hips and shoulders into the strike. Move the left hand back toward the left shoulder.Retract the weapon and return to the basic warrior stance.Slash. Marines use the slash to kill an opponentor to create an opening in his defense. The target area is the opponent’s neck. To execute the slash, Marines― Extend the left hand back toward the left shoulder. Thrust the left hand forward and swing it to the right, bring the right hand back toward the hip, and turn the cutting edge of the blade toward the opponent’s neck. The movement is a slashing motion so the blade cuts across the opponent’s neck.Strike the opponent with the butt of the weapon.Vertical Buttstroke. Marines use the verticalbuttstroke to weaken an opponent’s defenses, to cause serious injury, or to set him up for a killingClose Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________2-3blow. Target areas are the opponent’s groin and face. To execute the vertical buttstroke, Marines― Step forward with the right foot and drive the right hand straight up. Pull the left hand back over the left shoulder.Drive the arms straight forward, striking the opponent with the butt of the weapon.Strike the opponent with the butt of the weapon.Defensive Bayonet TechniquesParry. Marines use a parry as a defensive tech-nique to redirect or deflect an attack. A parry is a slight redirection of a linear a e.g., a straight thrust or a smash. To execute the parry, Marines― Use the bayonet end of the rifle to redirect the barrel or bayonet of the opponent’s weapon.Smash. Marines use the smash as a follow-uptechnique to the horizontal or vertical buttstroke, particularly if they missed the target. The target area is the opponent’s head. To execute the smash following a buttstroke, Marines― Step forward with the right foot and place the blade end of the weapon over the left shoulder and elevate the right elbow above the shoulders.Lock the weapon against the hip with the right forearm. Rotate to the right or left, moving the bayonet end of the rifle to parry the opponent’s attack. Rotation is generated from the hips.2-4_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BRedirect or guide the opponent’s weapon away from the body by exerting pressure against the opponent’s weapon.should be at or below the waist and parallel to the ground. The elbows are bent, but there is enough muscular tension in the arms to absorb the impact and deter the attack.Left and Right Block. Marines execute a left or High Block. Marines execute a high block againsta vertical attack coming from high to low. To execute the high block, Marines― Thrust the arms up forcefully at approximately a 45-degree angle from the body. The weapon should be over the top of the head and parallel to the ground. The elbows are bent, but there is enough muscular tension in the arms to absorb the impact and deter the attack.Low Block. Marines execute the low blockright block against a horizontal buttstroke or a slash. To execute the left or right block, Marines― Thrust the arms forcefully to the right or left, holding the rifle vertically in the direction of the attack. The elbows are bent, but there is enough muscular tension in the arms to absorb the impact and deter the attack.Counter Action Following the Block. Afteragainst a vertical attack coming from low to high. To execute the low block, Marines― Thrust the arms down forcefully at approximately a 45-degree angle from the body. The weapondeflecting an opponent’s attack with a block, Marines counter with a slash or a horizontal buttstroke to regain the initiative. However, the objective in any bayonet fight is to thrust forward with the blade end of the weapon to immediately end the fight.Group StrategyOn occasion, Marines may engage an opponent as a member of a group or numerous opponents byClose Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________2-5one’s self or as a member of a group. By combining bayonet fighting movements and simple strategies, Marines can effectively overcome their opponent or opponents.Offensive Strategy: Two Against One. If twoFighters 1 and 2 turn and attack the exposed flank of the opponent engaged by fighter 3 and destroy the opponent.Defensive Strategy: One Against Two. If abayonet fighters engage one opponent, the fighters advance together. Fighter 1 engages the opponent while fighter 2 swiftly and aggressively attacks the opponent’s exposed flank and destroys the opponent.fighter is attacked by two opponents, the fighter immediately positions himself at the flank of the nearest opponent and keeps that opponent between himself and the other opponent. Using the first opponent’s body as a shield against the second opponent, the fighter destroys the first opponent quickly before the second opponent moves to assist.Offensive Strategy: Three Against Two. Ifthree bayonet fighters engage two opponents, the fighters advance together keeping their opponents to the inside. Then, the fighter engages and destroys the second opponent.Defensive Strategy: Two Against Three. If twofighters are attacked by three opponents, the fighters immediately move to the opponent’s flanks.Fighters 1 and 3 engage opponents. Fighter 2 attacks the opponent’s exposed flank engaged by fighter 1 and destroys the opponent.2-6_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BFighters 1 and 2 quickly attack and destroy their opponents before the third opponent closes in.to hit the opponent with the rifle. The rifle is used as a barrier.Fighter 1 engages the third opponent while fighter 2 attacks the opponent’s exposed flank and destroys the opponent.Technique if Opponent Grabs Weapon UnderhandedUsually an opponent will try to grab the weapon or block it as an instinctive action. If the opponent uses an underhand grab to seize the handguards of the weapon, Marines― Trap the opponent’s closest finger(s) above the knuckle with the thumb so he cannot release his grip.2. Nonlethal Rifle and Shotgun Retention TechniquesMost Marines are armed with the M16A2 service rifle. Marines are taught to keep their weapon with them at all times. Marines must be constantly alert to their surroundings and the people moving in and around their environment. Marines may be confronted by an individual who tries to take their weapons. If this happens, Marines should not struggle with the individual. To retain positive control of their weapons, Marines must understand and apply weapons retention techniques, otherwise known as armed manipulation. The following techniques can be used with either the rifle or the shotgun.Blocking TechniqueTo execute a blocking technique, Marines― Stand in a defensive posture. Use the weapon to block the opponent by thrusting it out firmly, with the elbows bent. Do not try Apply bone pressure on the opponent’s finger to initiate pain compliance.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________2-7Rotate the barrel of the weapon up or down quickly while maintaining pressure on the opponent’s hand. At the same time, quickly pivot to offbalance the opponent.tion is similar to an armbar.Technique if the Opponent Grabs the MuzzleTechnique if Opponent Grabs Weapon OverhandedIf the opponent uses an overhand grab to seize the weapon overhanded, Marines― Trap the opponent’s finger to hold his hand in place. If the opponent grabs the muzzle of the weapon, Marines―Rotate the barrel to place it across the opponent’s forearm and apply downward pressure. This ac-Rotate the muzzle quickly in a circle motion. Slash downward with the muzzle to release the opponent’s grip.Butt StrikesStrikes with the butt of the weapon control or ward off an attacker. During any of the retention techniques, Marines use the heel or cutting edge of the weapon to deliver butt strikes to the2-8_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02Binside or the outside of the opponent’s thigh. The inside butt strike targets the femoral nerve as illustrated in the photo to the left. The outside butt strike targets the peroneal nerve as illustrated in the photo to the left. Strikes can be made to the outside or inside of the thighs. If a strike to one side of the thigh misses, Marines follow back through with the butt of the weapon on the other side of the thigh.Throw the opponent to the ground with a quick jerking movement by lowering the muzzle and swinging the butt of the weapon.Off-balancing TechniquesMarines apply off-balancing techniques to throw an opponent to the ground and retain possession of the weapon. If the opponent grabs the weapon and pushes, Marines should not push on the weapon. They should― Move with the momentum and movement of theopponent by pivoting in the direction of the movement by stepping back.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________2-9If the opponent grabs the weapon and pulls, Marines― Step on the opponent’s foot and push forward to off-balance him and drive him to the ground. Sweep the opponent’s feet out from under him by hooking his leg with the leg and kicking backward.Place the body between the weapon and the opponent by immediately pivoting so the weapon is away from the opponent. Step back and away from the opponent while placing the hand on the pistol grip.3. Nonlethal Handgun Retention TechniquesExtend the left hand and block, deflect, or strike the opponent’s arm.Many Marines are armed with the M9 service pistol. Marines must keep their weapons in their possession at all times. Marines must be constantly alert to their surroundings and the people moving in and around the environment. Marines may be confronted by an individual who tries to take their weapons. To retain positive control of the weapon, Marines must understand and apply handgun retention techniques.Armbar TechniqueMarines use the armbar technique when an opponent uses his right hand to grab their pistol in the holster. To execute the armbar technique, Marines― Trap the opponent’s right hand by grasping the opponent’s wrist or hand with the right hand and applying pressure against the body.Blocking TechniqueMarines perform the following blocking techniques if an opponent attempts to grab their pistol in the holster. Marines―2-10______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BStep back with the right foot and pivot sharply to the right to be next to the opponent. Always pivot in a direction that keeps the weapon away from the opponent.Straighten the opponent’s arm to apply an armbar. The arm should be straight across the torso. Continue pivoting to the right while pulling back on the opponent’s shoulder. This action may break the opponent’s arm.Close Combat___________________________________________________________________________________________2-112-12______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BPlace the left hand across the opponent’s face and apply pressure back and down to take the oppo-Note: If the opponent grabs the pistol with his left hand, Marines execute the wristlock with one hand and step in toward the opponent, rather thannent to the ground. Pressure applied beneath the nose or on the trachea is equally effective.away from the opponent.Wristlock TechniqueMarines use the wristlock technique when an opponent grabs their pistol while it is in the holster with his right hand. To execute the wristlock technique, Marines― Grasp the opponent’s wrist or hand with the right hand and apply pressure against the body. Step back and away from the opponent and pivot to the right so the weapon is away from the opponent. Always pivot in a direction that keeps the weapon away from the opponent. Reach over the opponent’s arm with the left hand and grab his hand, applying pressure against his arm with the left forearm. Execute a wristlock. Incorporate the second hand into the wristlock and, stepping back with the left foot, pivot to the left. Execute a two-handed wristlock by exerting downward pressure with the thumb and rotating his hand to the left. Continue to pivot to off-balance the opponent and drive him to the ground.Close Combat___________________________________________________________________________________________2-13Softening TechniquesHandgun retention techniques use softening techniques applied to pressure points. Bone pressureStrikes. If it is difficult to apply a retention tech-nique, Marines employ strikes or kicks to force the opponent to loosen his grip. Strikes to theand strikes with the hands (i.e., hammer fist), knees, and feet are also effective softening techniques.eyes, the arms (radial nerve), or shoulder (brachial plexus tie in) soften the opponent’s grip on the weapon.Pressure Points. Marines use pressure point techniques to get the opponent to loosen his grip. Marines use their finger tips to apply pressure to the webbing between the index finger and thumb, the jugular notch, and the brachial plexus tie in. The following figure illustrates pressure applied to the brachial plexus tie in. Bone Pressure. Bone pressure is the applicationKicks and knee strikes to the peroneal nerve, the femoral nerve, or the groin are effective because the opponent is typically unprepared to counter the strike.of pressure on a bone against a hard object to initiate pain compliance. To apply bone pressure, Marines use their hand to trap the opponent’s hand on the weapon. Marines apply a slow, steady pressure to the opponent’s hand and fingers until his grip is softened or he releases his hold.2-14______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BStomping on the top of the opponent’s foot may distract him or loosen his grip on the weapon.Pistol to the FrontThis technique is used when Marines are unarmed and the opponent has a pistol pointing at their front (e.g., head, chest). The technique is the same if the opponent sticks the pistol under the Marine’s chin. To execute the counter when an opponent is pointing a pistol toward the front of a Marine, Marines―4. Firearm Disarmament TechniquesMarines use firearm disarmament techniques during a close-range confrontation if they are un-armed and the opponent has a firearm (pistol). These techniques are equally effective if Marines are armed but do not have time to withdraw and present the weapon. The goal of firearm disarmament techniques is to gain control of the situationso Marines gain the tactical advantage. The goal is not necessarily to get control of the opponent’s weapon.Close Combat___________________________________________________________________________________________2-15Place the hands close to the weapon, about chest high, palms out. Use the left hand to grab the opponent’s forearm and push the opponent’s hand with the pistol away to clear the body from in front of the weapon. At the same time, rotate the right shoulder back to clear the body from the weapon. Maintain control of the opponent’s arm.2-16______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BClose Combat___________________________________________________________________________________________2-17Grasp the weapon with the right hand by placing the thumb underneath the pistol and the fingers over top of the pistol. Keep the right hand wrapped tightly around the muzzle and quickly rotate the pistol in the opponent’s hand so the muzzle is facing the opponent.Grasp and pull the opponent’s wrist or forearm away from the body while rotating the weapon. Rotate the weapon toward the opponent while pulling it up and back and out of the opponent’s grasp.2-18______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BPistol to the RearThis technique is performed when Marines are unarmed and the opponent has a pistol pointing to the back of the Marine’s head. To execute the counter when the opponent is pointing a pistol to the rear, Marines― Place the hands close together about chest high, palms out. Step back with the left foot, pivoting on the right foot so the side is against the opponent’s front. This action clears the body from the weapon’s line of fire. Keep the left hand up.Pivot on the left foot to face the opponent and, at the same time, raise the left elbow and reach over the top of the opponent’s arm with the left arm. Wrap the left arm tightly around the opponent’s arm above his elbow to control it. Push on the opponent’s shoulder with the right hand while pulling up with the left arm to achieve an armbar. This action releases the opponent’s grip on the weapon. If necessary, the opponent can be taken to the ground with a leg sweep. Note: To execute this technique, the weapon must be close to or touching the rear of the Marine. If the weapon is too far away from the body, this technique would be difficult to execute or it would be ineffective.CHAPTER 3HAND-HELD WEAPONSThis chapter describes all techniques for a right-handed person. However, all techniques can be executed from either side. In drawings, the Marine is depicted in woodland
the opponent is depicted without camouflage. In photographs, the Marine is depicted in woodland
the opponent is depicted in desert camouflage utilities. Marines must know how to defend against attacks when an opponent is either unarmed or armed with a held-held weapon. This chapter addresses the combative use of knives, specific weapons of opportunity, and sticks. However, virtually anything can be used as a hand-held weapon.Angles of AttackThere are six angles from which an attack with a knife can be launched:ll1. Fundamentals of Knife FightingMarines must be trained in knife fighting techniques. Marines experienced in offensive knife techniques can cause enough damage and massive trauma to stop an opponent. When engaged against each other, experienced knife fighters employ various maneuvers and techniques that are specific to knife fighting. Seldom, if ever, will Marines engage an opponent in a classical knife fight. Note: When armed with a rifle, Marines are issued a bayonet. When armed with a pistol, Marine are issued a combat knife.llllVertical strike coming straight down on an opponent. Forward diagonal strike coming in at a 45degree angle to the opponent. Reverse diagonal strike coming in at a 45degree angle to the opponent. Forward horizontal strike coming in parallel to the ground. Reverse horizontal strike coming in parallel to the ground. Forward thrust coming in a straight line to the opponent.Target Areas of the BodyDuring any confrontation, the parts of the opponent’s body that are exposed or readily accessible will vary. The goal in a knife fight is to attack the body’s soft, vital target areas that are readily accessible (e.g, the face, the sides and front of the neck, the lower abdomen [or groin]).3-2_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BNeck. Carotid arteries, located on either side ofWearing the Combat KnifeMarines must wear the combat knife where it is easily accessible and where it can best be retained. It is recommended the combat knife be worn on the weak side hip, blade down, sharp edge facing forward. Marines can place it behind the magazine pouch where it is easily accessible to them, but not easily grabbed by an opponent.the neck, are good target areas because they are not covered by body armor or natural protection.Lower Abdomen (or Groin). The lower abdo-men (or groin region) is a good target area because it is not covered by body armor.Heart. The heart, if not covered by body armor, isan excellent target which, if struck, can prove fatal in a matter of seconds or minutes.Secondary Targets. There are secondary targetareas that will cause substantial bleeding if an artery is severed. These target areas are not immediately fatal, but can become fatal if left unattended. Attacks to―lGripThe grip on the knife should be natural. Marines grasp the knife’s grip with the fingers wrapped around the grip naturally as it is pulled out of its sheath. This is commonly known as a hammer grip. The blade end of the knife is always facing the opponent.llThe legs can cause a great deal of trauma and prove fatal. For example, the femoral artery located on the inside of the thigh is a large artery which, if cut, will cause extensive blood loss. The brachial artery, located between the biceps and triceps on the inside of the arm, can cause extensive bleeding and damage. The arm’s radial and ulnar nerves can cause extensive bleeding and damage.StanceMarines use the basic warrior stance as the foundation for knife techniques. The left hand is a vertical shield that protects either the ribs or the head and neck. The right elbow is bent with the blade pointing forward toward the opponent’s head. This position serves as an index point, where all techniques are initiated.MovementMarines can move anywhere within a 360-degree circle around the opponent. This allows accessibility to different target areas of the opponent’s body. Marines should avoid being directly in front of an opponent because the opponent can rely on his forward momentum to seize the tactical advantage. If Marines face an opponent, movement is made in a 45-degree angle to either side of the opponent. This angle avoids an opponent’s strike and places Marines in the best position to attack an opponent.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________3-3Principles of Knife FightingThe following are key principles of knife fighting:lMaintain contact on the opponent’s body with the blade of the knife.ll lllExecute movements with the knife blade within a box, shoulder-width across from the neck down to the waistline. The opponent has a greater chance of blocking an attack if the blade is brought in a wide, sweeping movement to the opponent. Close with the opponent, coming straight to the target. Move with the knife in straight lines. Point the knife’s blade tip forward and toward the opponent. Apply full body weight and power in each of the knife techniques. Full body weight should be put into the attack in the direction of the blade’s movement (slash or thrust). Apply constant forward pressure with the body and blade to keep the opponent offbalanced.Forward Slash Technique. The forward slashfollows a straight line in a forehand stroke, across the target areas of either the neck (high diagonal slash) or abdominal region (low horizontal slash). To execute the forward slash, Marines― Extend the right hand while simultaneously rotating the palm up until the knife blade makes contact with the opponent.2. Knife Fighting TechniquesSlashing TechniquesMarines use slashing techniques to close with an enemy. Slashing techniques distract the opponent or damage the opponent so Marines can close in. Typically, Marines target the opponent’s limbs, but any portion of the body that is presented can become a target.Vertical Slash Technique. The vertical slashfollows a vertical line straight down through the target. To execute the vertical slash, Marines― Thrust the right hand out and bring the weapon straight down on the opponent, continuing to drag the knife down through the opponent’s body.Snap or rotate the wrist through the slashing motion to maximize blade’s contact with the opponent.3-4_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BDrag the knife across the opponent’s body, from right to left, in a forehand stroke. The movement ends with the forearm against the body and the knife at the left hip with its blade oriented toward the opponent.Snap or rotate the wrist through the slashing motion to maximize the blade’s contact with the opponent.Drag the knife across the opponent’s body, from left to right, in a backhand stroke. Maintain contact on the opponent’s body with the blade of the knife.Reverse Slash Technique. The reverse slash isa follow-up technique to a forward attack. It allows Marines both a secondary attack and the ability to resume the basic warrior stance. The reverse slash follows a straight line in a backhand stroke, across the target areas of either the neck (high diagonal slash) or abdominal region (low horizontal slash). To execute the reverse slash, Marines― Extend the right hand while simultaneously rotating the palm down until the knife blade makes contact with the opponent.Thrusting TechniquesThe primary objective of knife fighting is to insert the blade into an opponent to cause extensive damage and trauma. This is done with a thrusting technique. Thrusting techniques are more effective than slashing techniques because of the damage they can inflict. However, Marines use slashing techniques to close with the enemy so that they are closer to the opponent, which allows them to use the thrusting technique.Vertical Thrust. The thrusting motion follows avertical line straight up through the target (low into the abdomen region or high into the neck). To execute the vertical thrust, Marines― Thrust the right hand toward the target, inserting the knife blade straight into the opponent.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________3-5Pull the knife out of the opponent.Drop the right elbow and bring the knife to the opposite side of the opponent’s body from where it was inserted. At the same time, rotate the hips and shoulders downward to bring body weight to bear on the attack.Forward Thrust. The forward thrust follows a straight line straight into the opponent’s neck (high thrust) or abdominal region (low thrust). To execute the forward thrust, Marines―Thrust the right hand, palm down, toward the target, inserting the knife blade straight into the opponent. Rotate the palm up once the knife is inserted to twist the blade.Reverse Thrust. The reverse thrust is a follow-up technique to a forward attack. It allows Marines both a secondary attack and the ability to resume the basic warrior stance. The reverse thrust follows a horizontal line straight into the opponent’s neck (high thrust) or abdominal region (low thrust). To execute the reverse thrust, Marines― Bend the right arm, crossing the arm to the left side of the body. Thrust the right hand, palm up, toward the target, inserting the knife blade straight into the opponent.3-6_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BRotate the palm down to twist the blade once the knife is inserted.Entrenching ToolAn entrenching tool (E-tool) is commonly carried by Marines. It can be an excellent weapon, especially when sharpened. Marines can use the Etool to block, slash, and thrust at an opponent.Tent Pole and PinsMarines can use tent poles and pins to block, strike, or thrust at an opponent.Web BeltBring the knife to the opposite side of the opponent’s body from where it was inserted. Marines can stretch a web belt between their hands to block attacks by an opponent.Battlefield DebrisMarines can use debris on the battlefield (e.g., sticks, glass, a sharp piece of metal) to cut, slash, or stab an opponent. They can also use other types of debris such as shovel or ax handles, boards, metal pipes, or broken rifles to strike an opponent or apply a choke.HelmetA helmet can be used to strike an opponent on an unprotected area like the head and face. Grasp the rim of the helmet and thrust the arms forward, striking the opponent with the top of the helmet.3. Weapons of OpportunityDuring an unarmed close combat situation, Marines use their bodies as weapons, but they should be ready and able to use anything around them as a weapon. For example, Marines could throw sand or liquid in an opponent’s eyes to temporarily impair his vision or smash the opponent’s head with a rock or helmet. Marines must use whatever means are available and do whatever it takes to take control of the situation and to win, or they face the possibility of losing their lives. Some weapons of opportunity are discussed in the following subparagraphs.4. Fundamentals of Combative StickOn the battlefield, Marines must be ready and able to use anything as a weapon. They must learn and be able to use techniques that can be employed with most weapons of opportunity. Among these techniques are combative stick techniques. Combative stick techniques can be used with a stick, a club, a broken rifle, an E-tool, or even a web belt.Close Combat_____________________________________________________________________________________________3-7Angles of AttackThere are six angles from which an attack with a hand-held weapon can be launched:llllllVertical strike coming straight down on an opponent. Forward diagonal strike coming in at a 45degree angle to the opponent. Reverse diagonal strike coming in at a 45degree angle to the opponent. Forward horizontal strike coming in parallel to the ground. Reverse horizontal strike coming in parallel to the ground. Forward thrust coming in a straight line to the opponent.Marines should avoid being directly in front of an opponent because the opponent can rely on his forward momentum to seize the tactical advantage. If Marines face an opponent, movement is made in a 45-degree angle to either side of the opponent. This angle avoids an opponent’s strike and places Marines in the best position to attack an opponent.5. Combative Stick TechniquesStrikesStrikes are intended to inflict as much damage on an opponent as possible. Striking techniques apply to a weapon of opportunity such as a stick, a tent pole, a club, a broken rifle, an E-tool, or a pipe.Vertical Strike. To execute the vertical strike,GripGrasp the stick about 2 inches from its base.StanceThe basic warrior stance serves as the foundation for combative stick techniques. The left hand becomes a vertical shield that protects the ribs or the head and neck. Depending on how heavy the weapon is, it should be held at a level approximately shoulder height.Marines― Bend the right arm, extending the weapon over the back of the right shoulder.MovementMovement during combative stick techniques is the same as it is for other close combat techniques. Marines can move anywhere within a 360-degree circle around the opponent. This allows accessibility to different target areas of the opponent’s body and gains a tactical advantage.Rotate the forearm straight down off the elbow to bring the weapon down on the opponent.3-8_______________________________________________________________________________________________MCRP 3-02BRotate the hips and shoulders forcefully toward the opponent.Rotate the forearm to the right of the elbow to bring the weapon down onto the opponent. At the same time, forcefully rotate the hips and shoulders toward the opponent.Follow through with the strike by allowing the weight of the weapon to go through the target area of the body.Forward Strike. To execute a forward strike,Marines― Step forward with the left foot in the direction of the strike. Bend the right arm with the elbow extending out to the right and the weapon extended over the right shoulder.Follow through with the strike by allowing the weight of the weapon to go through the target area of the body.Reverse Strike. The reverse strike is a follow-uptechnique to a forward strike. It allows Marines both a secondary attack and the ability to resume the basic warrior stance.To}