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For the song, see .
Marvin Gaye (; born Marvin Pentz Gay Jr.; April 2, ;– April 1, 1984) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. Gaye helped to shape the sound of
in the , first as an in-house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits, including "", "" and "", and duet recordings with , ,
and , later earning the
"Prince of Motown" and "Prince of Soul."
During the , he recorded the
and became one of the first artists in Motown to break away from the reins of their production company.
Gaye's later recordings influenced several
and . Following a period in Europe as a
in the early , Gaye released the 1982
hit "" and its parent album .
On April 1, 1984, Gaye's father, , fatally shot him at their house in the
district of Los Angeles. Since , many institutions have posthumously bestowed Gaye with awards and other honors—including the , the , the
Washington, D.C.'s
where Marvin Gaye attended , not far from , where he grew up
Marvin Gaye was born as Marvin Pentz Gay Jr. on April 2, 1939, in Washington, D.C., to church minister , and domestic worker
(née Cooper). His first home was 1617 First Street SW, a few blocks from the . The First Street neighborhood was nicknamed Simple City, owing to its being "half-city, half country". When Gaye was in his teens, the family relocated first to , where the family lived at 1417 Monroe Street NW, then to the
section of the city, where they settled at 10 60th Street NE. Gaye was the second eldest of Gay Sr.'s children and the third overall of six. He had two sisters: Jeanne and Zeola, and three brothers: Michael Cooper, , and Antwaun Gay. Michael Cooper was from his mother's previous relationship while Antwaun was born as a result of his father's .
Gaye started singing in church when h his father often accompanied him on piano. Gaye and his family were part of a Pentecostal church known as the House of God. The House of God took its teachings from
, advocated strict conduct, and adhered to both the
Testaments. Gaye developed a love of singing at an early age and was encouraged to pursue a professional music career after a performance at a school play. His home life consisted of "brutal whippings" by his father, who struck him for any shortcoming. The young Gaye described living in his father's house as similar to "...living with a king, a very peculiar, changeable, cruel, and all powerful king." He felt that had his mother not consoled him and encouraged his singing, he would have killed himself. His sister later explained that Gaye was beaten often, from age seven well into his teenage years.
Gaye attended
and joined several
vocal groups, including the Dippers and the D.C. Tones. Gaye's relationship with his father worsened during his teenage years, as his father would kick him out of the house often. In 1956, 17-year-old Gaye dropped out of high school and enlisted in the
as a . Disappointed in having to perform menial tasks, he faked mental illness and was discharged shortly afterwards. Gaye's sergeant stated that he refused to follow orders.
A 1959 promotional picture of
and the New Moonglows. Gaye is fourth from the left behind a seated Fuqua.
Following his return, Gaye and good friend Reese Palmer formed the vocal
The Marquees. The group performed in the D.C. area and soon began working with , who assigned the group to
subsidiary
after failing to get the group signed to his own label, . The group's sole single, "Wyatt Earp" (co-written by Bo Diddley), failed to chart and the group was soon dropped from the label. Gaye began
music during this period.
co-founder
later hired The Marquees as employees. Under Fuqua's direction, the group changed its name to Harvey and the New Moonglows, and relocated to Chicago. The group recorded several sides for Chess in 1959, including the song "Mama Loocie", which was Gaye's first lead vocal recording. The group found work as
for established acts such as , singing on the hits "" and "."
In 1960, the group disbanded. Gaye relocated to
with Fuqua where he signed with Tri-Phi Records as a session musician, playing drums on several Tri-Phi releases. Gaye performed at
president 's house during the holiday season in 1960. Impressed by the singer, Gordy sought Fuqua on his contract with Gaye. Fuqua agreed to sell part of his interest in his contract with Gaye. Shortly afterwards, Gaye signed with Motown subsidiary Tamla.
When Gaye signed with Tamla, he pursued a career as a performer of
music and , having no desire to become an R&B performer. Before the release of his first single, Gaye was teased about his surname, with some jokingly asking, "Is Marvin ?" Gaye changed his surname by adding an e, in the same way as did . Author
wrote that Gaye did this to silence rumours of his , and to put more distance between Gaye and his father.
Gaye released his first single, "", in May 1961, with the album , following a month later. Gaye's initial recordings failed commercially and he spent most of 1961 performing session work as a drummer for artists such as
for $5 (US$40 in 2016 dollars) a week to play drums for
and blues artist . While Gaye took some advice on performing with his eyes open (having been accused of appearing as though he were sleeping), he refused to attend grooming school courses at the John Roberts Powers School for Social Grace in Detroit because of his unwillingness to comply with its orders, something he later regretted.
In 1962, Gaye found success as co-writer of the Marvelettes hit, "". His first solo hit, "", was later released that September, reaching No. 8 on the R&B chart and No. 46 on the Billboard Hot 100. Gaye reached the top 40 with the dance song, "", peaking at No. 30 on the Hot 100. "" became Gaye's first top ten single after its release in 1963.
The three singles and songs from the 1962 sessions were included on Gaye's second album, . Starting in October of the year, Gaye performed as part of the , a series of concert tours headlined at the north and south eastern coasts of the United States as part of the . A filmed performance of Gaye at the
took place in June 1963. Later that October, Tamla issued the live album, . "" became one of Gaye's early international hits.
In 1964, Gaye recorded a successful duet album with singer
titled , which reached No. 42 on the pop album chart. The album's two-sided single, including "" and '", each reach the top 20. Gaye's next solo hit, "", which
wrote for him, reached No. 6 on the Hot 100 and reached the top 50 in the UK. Gaye started getting television exposure around this time, on shows such as . Also in 1964, he appeared in the , . Gaye had two No. 1R&B singles in 1965 with the – "" and "". Both songs became million-sellers. After this, Gaye returned to jazz-derived ballads for a tribute album to the recently-deceased .
A screenshot of a 1967 performance by Gaye and Terrell during taping of the .
After scoring a hit duet, "" with , Gaye began working with
on a series of duets, mostly composed by , including "", "", "" and "".
"I Heard It through the Grapevine" was recorded by Gaye in April 1967, several months before
recorded it. The song features a
piano, percussion, and horns. Gaye's recording of it paved the way for what later became "".
Problems playing this file? See .
In October 1967, Terrell collapsed in Gaye's arms during a performance in . Terrell was subsequently rushed to Farmville's Southside Community Hospital, where doctors discovered she had a malignant . The diagnosis ended Terrell's career as a , though she continued to record music under careful supervision. Despite the presence of hit singles such as "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By", Terrell's illness caused problems with recording, and led to multiple operations to remove the tumor. Gaye was reportedly devastated by Terrell's sickness and became disillusioned with the record business.
In late 1968, Gaye's recording of
became Gaye's first to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached the top of the charts in other countries, selling over four million copies. However, Gaye felt the success was something he "didn't deserve" and that he "felt like a puppet — Berry's puppet, 's puppet...." Gaye followed it up with "" and "", which reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1969. That year, his album
became his first No. 1 R&B album. Gaye produced and co-wrote two hits for
during this period, including "" and "".
Terrell died from
on March 16, 1970: Gaye attended her funeral. After a period of , Gaye sought out a position on a
team, the , where he later befriended
and . It was eventually decided that Gaye would not be allowed to try out owing to fears of possible injuries that could have affected his music career.
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On June 1, 1970, Gaye returned to , where he recorded his new composition , inspired by an idea from
after he witnessed an act of
rally in Berkeley. Upon hearing the song, Berry Gordy refused its release due to his feelings of the song being "too political" for radio. Gaye responded by going on strike from recording until the label released the song. Released in 1971, it reached No. 1 on the R&B charts within a month, staying there for five weeks. It also reached the top spot on 's pop chart for a week and reached No. 2 on the Hot 100 and the
chart, selling over two million copies.
After giving an ultimatum to record a full album to win creative control from Motown, Gaye spent ten days recording the What's Going On album that March. Motown issued the album that May after Gaye remixed portions of the album in Hollywood. The album became Gaye's first million-selling album launching two more top ten singles, "" and "". One of Motown's first autonomous works, its theme and segue flow brought the
format to rhythm and blues. An
writer later cited it as "...the most important and passionate record to come out of , delivered by one of its finest voices." For the album, Gaye received two
nominations and several . The album also topped Rolling Stone's year-end list as its album of the year. Billboard magazine named Gaye Trendsetter of the Year following the album's success.
In 1971, Gaye signed a new deal with Motown worth $1 million (US$5,843,057 in 2016 dollars), making it the most lucrative deal by a black recording artist at the time. Gaye first responded to the new contract with the soundtrack and subsequent , , released in late 1972.
"Let's Get It On" was written by Gaye and producer , originally as a
song, and later as a protest song before eventually turning into a -oriented love anthem. It became Gaye's second number-one hit in 1973.
Problems playing this file? See .
In 1973, Gaye released the
album. Its
became Gaye's second No. 1 single on the Hot 100. The album subsequently stayed on the charts for two years and sold over three million copies. The album was later hailed as "a record unparalleled in its sheer sensuality and carnal energy." Other singles from the album included "", which recalled Gaye's early Motown soul sound of the previous decade, while the suggestive "" reached modest success but received tepid promotion due to the song's sexually explicit content.
Marvin's final duet project, , with , garnered international success despite contrasting artistic styles. Responding to demand from fans and Motown, Gaye started his first
in four years at the
on January 4, 1974. The performance received critical acclaim and resulted in the release of the live album,
and its single, a live version of , an album track from Let's Get It On.
The tour helped to increase Gaye's reputation as a live performer. For a time, he was earning $10,000 a night (US$47,982 in 2016 dollars) for performances. Gaye toured throughout 1974 and 1975. A renewed contract with Motown allowed Gaye to build his own .
In October 1975, Gaye gave a performance at a
benefit concert at New York's
to support UNESCO's African literacy drive, resulting in him being commended at the United Nations by then-Ambassador to
and . Gaye's next studio album, , followed in 1976 with the
becoming a No. 1 R&B hit. That summer, Gaye embarked on his first European tour in a decade, starting off in England. In early 1977, Gaye released the live album, , which sold over two million copies thanks to the success of its studio song, "", which became a No. 1 hit.
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In December 1978, Gaye released , inspired by the fallout of his first marriage to . Recorded as an intent for Gaye to remit a portion of its royalties to her to receive
payments, it performed poorly on the charts. During that period, Gaye developed a serious
and was dealing with several financial issues with the . These issues led him to move to , where he struggled to record a
album. In 1980, Gaye went on a European tour. By the time the tour stopped, the singer relocated to London where he feared
for failure to pay , which had now reached upwards of $4.5 million.(US$12,923,869 in 2016 dollars)
Gaye then reworked Love Man from its original disco concept to another personal album invoking religion and the possible
from a chapter in the . Titling the album , Gaye worked on the album for much of 1980 in London studios such as
In the fall of that year, someone stole a master tape of a rough draft of the album from one of Gaye's traveling musicians, Frank Blair, taking the master tape to Motown's Hollywood headquarters. Motown remixed the album and released it on January 15, 1981. When Gaye learned of its release, Gaye accused Motown of editing and remixing the album without his consent, allowing the release of an unfinished production (Far Cry), altering the album art of his request and removing the album title's question mark, muting its irony. He also accused the label of rush-releasing the album, comparing his unfinished album to an unfinished
painting. Gaye then vowed not to record any more music for Motown.
Marvin Gaye by the Belgian artist Willy Bosschem.
On February 14, 1981, under the advice of music promoter , Gaye relocated to Cousaert's apartment in , Belgium. While there, Gaye shied away from heavy drug use and began exercising and attending a local Ostend church, regaining personal confidence. Following several months of recovery, Gaye sought a comeback onstage, starting the short-lived Heavy Love Affair tour in England and Ostend in June–July 1981. Gaye's personal attorney Curtis Shaw would later describe Gaye's Ostend period as "the best thing that ever happened to Marvin". When word got around that Gaye was planning a musical comeback and an exit from Motown,
president Larkin Arnold eventually was able to convince Gaye to sign with CBS. On March 23, 1982, Motown and
negotiated Gaye's release from Motown. The details of the contract were not revealed due to a possible negative effect on the singer's settlement to creditors from the IRS.
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"Sexual Healing" was written by Gaye alongside Odell Brown and . Ritz said Gaye advised him to write a poem after telling the singer he needed "sexual healing" while living in Europe. The song became an international hit after its release in 1982.
Problems playing this file? See .
Assigned to CBS'
subsidiary, Gaye worked on his first post-Motown album titled . The first single, "" which was written and recorded in Ostend in his apartment, was released on September 30, 1982, and became Gaye's biggest career hit, spending a record ten weeks at No. 1 on the
chart, becoming the biggest R&B hit of the 1980s according to Billboard stats. The success later translated to the
chart in January 1983 where it peaked at No. 3, while the record reached international success, reaching the top spot in
and reaching the top ten on the United Kingdom's , later selling over two million copies in the U.S. alone, becoming Gaye's most successful single to date. The video for the song was shot at Ostend's Casino-Kursaal.
Sexual Healing won Gaye his first two
including , in February 1983, and also won Gaye an
in the -soul category.
magazine called it "America's hottest musical turn-on since
demanded we get ." Midnight Love was released to stores a day after the single's release, and was equally successful, peaking at the top ten of the
and becoming Gaye's eighth No. 1 album on the
chart, eventually selling over six million copies worldwide, three million alone in the U.S.
I don't make records for pleasure. I did when I was a younger artist, but I don't today. I record so that I can feed people what they need, what they feel. Hopefully, I record so that I can help someone overcome a bad time.
– December 1982
On February 13, 1983, Gaye sang "" at the
in —accompanied by , who played the studio tape from the stands. The following month, Gaye performed at the
special. This and a May appearance on
(his third appearance on the show) became Gaye's final television performances. Gaye embarked on his final concert tour, titled the Sexual Healing Tour, on April 18, 1983, in San Diego. The tour ended on August 14, 1983 at the
but was plagued by cocaine-triggered
and illness. Following the concert's end, he retreated to his parents' house in Los Angeles. In early 1984, Midnight Love was nominated for a Grammy in the Best Male R&B Vocal Performance category, his 12th and final nomination.
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People gathering outside the home where Marvin Gaye was fatally shot, April 1, 1984.
At around 12:38 p.m. () on April 1, 1984, while Gaye was talking with his mother, his father
shot Gaye twice: in the heart and on his left shoulder respectively, the latter shot taken at . The first shot proved to be fatal. Gaye was pronounced dead at 1:01 p.m. () after his body arrived at . Minutes earlier, the two men were involved in a physical altercation after Gaye intervened in an argument between his parents.
After Gaye's funeral, his body was cremated at
at the , his ashes were later scattered at the Pacific Ocean. Initially charged with first-degree murder, Gay Sr.'s charges dropped to voluntary manslaughter following a diagnosis of a brain tumor and Gaye's autopsy revealing the singer had drugs in his system. Marvin Gay Sr. was later sentenced to a suspended six-year sentence and probation. He died at a nursing home in 1998.
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Marvin was the father of three children, Marvin III, , and Frankie, and the grandfather of three boys, Marvin IV, Nolan, and Dylan. At the time of his death, he was survived by his three children, parents, and five siblings.
Marvin Gaye in 1973
As a child, Gaye's main influence was his minister father, something he later acknowledged to biographer , and also in interviews, often mentioning that his father's sermons greatly impressed him. His first major musical influences were
groups such as
and . Gaye's
page lists the Capris' song, God Only Knows as "critical to his musical awakening." Of the Capris' song, Gaye said, "It fell from the heavens and hit me between the eyes. So much soul, so much hurt. I related to the story, to the way that no one except the Lord really can read the heart of lonely kids in love." Gaye's main musical influences were Rudy West of , ,
and . Gaye considered
a major influence in what he wanted to be. He also was influenced by the vocal styles of
Later on as his Motown career developed, Gaye would seek inspiration in fellow label mates such as
as their grittier voices led to Gaye and his producer seeking a similar sound in recordings such as "" and "". Later in his life, Gaye reflected on the influence of Ruffin and Stubbs stating, "I had heard something in their voices something my own voice lacked". He further explained, "the
and ' music made me remember that when a lot of women listen to music, they want to feel the power of a real man."
Gaye had a three-octave . From his earlier recordings as member of the Marquees and Harvey and the New Moonglows, and in his first several recordings with Motown, Gaye recorded mainly in the
ranges. He changed his tone to a rasp for his gospel-inspired early hits such as "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" and "Hitch Hike". As writer
explained, "He was the only singer I have ever heard known to take a song of that nature, that was so far removed from his natural voice where he liked singing, and do whatever it took to sell that song."
In songs such as "Pride and Joy", Gaye used three different vocal ranges—singing in his baritone range at the beginning, bringing a lighter tenor in the verses before reaching a gospel mode in the chorus. Holland further stated of Gaye's voice that it was "...one of the sweetest and prettiest voices you ever wanted to hear." And while he noted that ballads and jazz was "his basic soul", he stated Gaye "...had the ability to take a roughhouse, rock and roll, blues, R&B, any kind of song and make it his own", later saying that Gaye was the most versatile vocalist he had ever worked with.
Gaye changed his vocal style in the late 1960s, when he was advised to use a sharper, raspy voice—especially in Norman Whitfield's recordings. Gaye initially disliked the new style, considering it out of his range, but said he was "into being produce-able." After listening to David Ruffin and Levi Stubbs, Gaye said he started to develop what he called his "tough man voice"—saying, "I developed a growl." In the liner notes of his DVD set, Marvin Gaye: The Real Thing in Performance , Rob Bowman said that by the early 1970s, Gaye had developed "three distinct voices: his smooth, and an unreal ." Bowman further wrote that the recording of the What's Going On single was "...the first single to utilize all three as Marvin developed a radical approach to constructing his recordings by layering a series of contrapuntal background vocal lines on different tracks, each one conceived and sung in isolation by Marvin himself." Bowman cites Gaye's multi-tracking of his tenor voice and other vocal styles "summon[ed] up what might be termed the ancient art of weaving".
Prior to recording the
album, Gaye recorded a cover of the song, "", which became a UK hit in 1970. Only a handful of artists of various genres had recorded albums that focused on social commentary, including . Despite some politically conscious material recorded by
in the late 1960s, Motown artists were often told to not delve into political and social commentary, fearing alienation from pop audiences. Early in his career, Gaye was affected by social events such as the 1965
and once asked himself, "with the world exploding around me, how am I supposed to keep singing love songs?" When the singer called Gordy in the Bahamas about wanting to do , Gordy cautioned him, "Marvin, don't be ridiculous. That's taking things too far."
Gaye was inspired by the
and supported the efforts they put forth like giving free meals to poor families door to door, however, he did not support the violent tactics the Panthers used to fight oppression, as Gaye's messages in many of his political songs were . The lyrics and music of What's Going On discuss and illustrate issues during the s such as police brutality, drug abuse, environmental issues, anti-war, and black power issues. Gaye was inspired to make this album because of events such as the , the , and the s.
Once Gaye presented Gordy with the What's Going On album, Gordy feared Gaye was risking the ruination of his image as a sex symbol. Following the album's success, Gaye tried a follow-up album that he would label You're the Man. The
only produced modest success, however, and Gaye and Motown shelved the album. Later on, several of Gaye's unreleased songs of social commentary, including "", would be issued on posthumous compilation albums. What's Going On would later be described by an
writer as an album that "not only redefined soul music as a creative force but also expanded its impact as an agent for social change".
The album also provided another first in both Motown and R&B music: Gaye and his engineers had composed the album in a , segueing previous songs into other songs giving the album a more cohesive feel as opposed to R&B albums that traditionally included
to complete the album. This style of music would influence recordings by artists such as
making the concept album format a part of 1970s R&B music. Concept albums are usually based on either one theme or a series of themes in connection to the original thesis of the album's concept. Let's Get It On repeated the suite-form arrangement of What's Going On, as would Gaye's later albums such as I Want You, Here, My Dear and In Our Lifetime.
Although Marvin Gaye was not actually doing social justice work outside of his music, he became a public figure for social change and inspired/educated many people through his work.
Marvin Gaye has been called, "The number-one
of soul music." In his book, Mercy Mercy Me: The Art, Loves and Demons of Marvin Gaye,
described Gaye as someone "...who transcended the boundaries of
as no other performer had done before." Following his death,
described Gaye as someone who "blended the soul music of the urban scene with the beat of the old-time gospel singer and became an influential force in pop music". Further in the article, Gaye was also credited with combining "the soulful directness of gospel music, the sweetness of soft-soul and pop, and the vocal musicianship of a jazz singer." His recordings for Motown in the 1960s and 1970s shaped that label's . His work with Motown gave him the titles Prince of Soul and Prince of Motown. Critics stated that Gaye's music "...signified the development of black music from raw rhythm and blues, through sophisticated soul to the political awareness of the 1970s and increased concentration on personal and sexual politics thereafter." As a Motown artist, Gaye was among the first to break from the reins of its production system, paving the way for . Gaye's late 1970s and early 1980s recordings influenced contemporary forms of R&B predating the subgenres
Artists from many genres have covered Gaye's music, including , , , , , , , , ,
and . Other artists such as , ,
interpolated parts of Gaye's clothing from the singer's mid-1970s period. Gaye's clothing style was later was appropriated by
in his role as James "Thunder" Early in . Gaye's military-styled clothing attire in his final tour influenced . According to David Ritz, "Since 1983, Marvin's name has been mentioned—in reverential tones—on no less than seven top-ten hit records." Later performers such as
sampled Gaye's work for their recordings.
inducted him in 1987, declaring that Gaye "...made a huge contribution to soul music in general and the Motown Sound in particular." The page stated that Gaye "...possessed a classic
voice that was edged with grit yet tempered with sweetness." The page further states that Gaye "...projected an air of soulful authority driven by fervid conviction and heartbroken vulnerability." A year after his death, then-mayor of D.C.,
declared April 2 as "Marvin Gaye Jr. Memorial Scholarship Fund Day" in the city. Since then, a non-profit organization has helped to organize annual Marvin Gaye Day Celebrations in the city of Washington.
A year later, Gaye's mother founded the Marvin P. Gaye Jr. Memorial Foundation in dedication to her son to help those suffering
however she died a day before the memorial was set to open in 1987. Gaye's sister Jeanne once served as the foundation's chairperson. In 1990, Gaye received a star on the . In 1996, Gaye posthumously received the . The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listed three Gaye recordings, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "What's Going On" and "Sexual Healing", among its list of the 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll. American music magazine
ranked Gaye No. 18 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" and sixth on their list of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time".
magazine ranked Gaye sixth on their list of the "100 Greatest Singers".
Three of Gaye's albums —
(1973), and
(1978) — were ranked by
on their list of the . What's Going On remains his largest-ranked album, reaching No. 6 on the Rolling Stone list and topped the
list of the Top 100 Albums of All Time in 1985 and was later chosen in 2003 for inclusion by the
to its . In addition, four of his songs — "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "What's Going On, "Let's Get It On" and "Sexual Healing" — made it on the Rolling Stone list of the .
In 2006, a park that Gaye frequented as a teenager called Watts Branch Park in Washington was renamed Marvin Gaye Park. Three years later, the 5200 block of Foote Street NE in , Washington, D.C., was renamed Marvin Gaye Way. In August 2014, Gaye was inducted to the official
in its second class. In October 2015, the
announced Gaye as a nominee for induction to the Hall's 2016 class after posthumous nominations were included. Gaye was named as a posthumous inductee to that hall on March 2, 2016. Gaye was subsequently inducted to the Songwriters Hall on June 9, 2016.
of the national anthem was used in a
commercial featuring the 2008 U.S. Olympic basketball team. Also, on ' final NBA telecast to date (before the contract moved to ) at the conclusion of Game 5 of the , they used Gaye's 1983 All-Star Game performance over the closing credits. When
launched on January 1, 1985, Gaye's 1983 rendition of the national anthem was the very first video they aired. Most recently, it was used in the intro to '
documentary on the game of baseball.
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine" was played in a
ad in 1985. The result of the commercial's success led to the original song finding renewed success in Europe after
re-released it in the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands. In 1986, the song was covered by
as part of a
ad campaign. The song was later used for
commercials in Finland and to promote a brand of
cigarettes in Germany.
Gaye's music has also been used in numerous
and , both of which featured Gaye's music from his Trouble Man soundtrack. "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" was used in the opening credits of the film, . Gaye's music has also become a source for
in hip-hop .
In 2007, his song, "A Funky Space Reincarnation", was used in the –starred ad for
J'Adore perfume. A documentary about Gaye—What's Going On: The Marvin Gaye Story—was a UK/ co-production, directed by
and was first broadcast in 2006. Two years later, the special re-aired with a different production and newer interviews after it was re-broadcast as an
special. Another documentary, focusing on his 1981 documentary, Transit Ostend, titled Remember Marvin, aired in 2006.
In 2008, Gaye's estate earned $3.5 million (US$3,846,754 in 2016 dollars). As a result, Gaye took 13th place in "Top-Earning Dead Celebrities" in
On March 11, 2015, Gaye's family was awarded $7.3 million in damages following a decision by an eight-member jury in Los Angeles that
had breached copyright by incorporating part of Gaye's song "Got to Give It Up" into their hit "".
There have been several attempts to adapt Gaye's life story into a feature film. In February 2006, it was reported that
was to portray Gaye in a biopic titled Sexual Healing, named after Gaye's . The film was to have been directed by Lauren Goodman and produced by
and Alexandra Ryan. The film was to depict the final three years of Gaye's life. Years later, other producers such as Jean-Luc Van Damme, Frederick Bestall and Jimmy De Brabant, came aboard and Goodman was replaced by .
was almost slated to playing Gaye. The script was to be written by Matthew Broughton. The film was to have been distributed by
and released on April 1, 2014, the thirtieth anniversary of Gaye's death. This never came to fruition and it was announced that Focus Features no longer has involvement with the Gaye biopic as of June 2013.
In June 2008, it was announced that
was going to direct a biopic titled Marvin. The script was to be written by C. Gaby Mitchell and the film was to be produced by David Foster and Duncan McGillivray and co-produced by Ryan Heppe. According to Gray, the film would cover Gaye's entire life, from his emergence at Motown through his defiance of Berry Gordy to record
and on up to his death.
had also been working on a biopic titled My Name Is Marvin. The film was to have been a
presentation with
as producer. Both
were considered for the role of Gaye. Crowe later confirmed in August 2011 that he abandoned the project: "We were working on the Marvin Gaye movie which is called My Name is Marvin, but the time just wasn’t right for that movie."
Members of Gaye's family, such as his ex-wife Janis and his son Marvin III, have expressed opposition to a biopic.
On December 9, 2015,
spoke of a biopic to be directed by F. Gary Gray was approved by Berry Gordy and
as well as Gaye's family, following the success of Gray's
biopic based on the hip-hop act,
Main article:
Gaye acted in two movies. Interestingly both were to do with Vietnam veterans. One was in 1969 in the
directed film,
which starred . The film was about a war veteran returning to find that his expectations haven't been met and he feels betrayed. Gaye had a prominent role in the film as David Owens. The other was in 1971. He had a role in the
directed biker-exploitation film, , a film about a group of Vietnam veterans taking on a bike gang . The film starred
and he played the part of Jim, one of the veterans. Gaye did have acting aspirations and had signed with the
but that only lasted a year as Gaye wasn't satisfied with the support he was getting from the agency.
Main article:
Studio albums
(documentary)
(television movie)
(television movie)
(documentary)
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Ritz, David (July 1985). . .
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Find more about
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Marvin Gaye (; born Marvin Pentz Gay Jr.; April 2, ;– April 1, 1984) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. Gaye helped to shape the sound of
in the , first as an in-house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits, including "", "" and "", and duet recordings with , ,
and , later earning the
"Prince of Motown" and "Prince of Soul."
During the , he recorded the
and became one of the first artists in Motown to break away from the reins of their production company.
Gaye's later recordings influenced several
and . Following a period in Europe as a
in the early , Gaye released the 1982
hit "" and its parent album .
On April 1, 1984, Gaye's father, , fatally shot him at their house in the
district of Los Angeles. Since , many institutions have posthumously bestowed Gaye with awards and other honors—including the , the , the
Washington, D.C.'s
where Marvin Gaye attended , not far from , where he grew up
Marvin Gaye was born as Marvin Pentz Gay Jr. on April 2, 1939, in Washington, D.C., to church minister , and domestic worker
(née Cooper). His first home was 1617 First Street SW, a few blocks from the . The First Street neighborhood was nicknamed Simple City, owing to its being "half-city, half country". When Gaye was in his teens, the family relocated first to , where the family lived at 1417 Monroe Street NW, then to the
section of the city, where they settled at 10 60th Street NE. Gaye was the second eldest of Gay Sr.'s children and the third overall of six. He had two sisters: Jeanne and Zeola, and three brothers: Michael Cooper, , and Antwaun Gay. Michael Cooper was from his mother's previous relationship while Antwaun was born as a result of his father's .
Gaye started singing in church when h his father often accompanied him on piano. Gaye and his family were part of a Pentecostal church known as the House of God. The House of God took its teachings from
, advocated strict conduct, and adhered to both the
Testaments. Gaye developed a love of singing at an early age and was encouraged to pursue a professional music career after a performance at a school play. His home life consisted of "brutal whippings" by his father, who struck him for any shortcoming. The young Gaye described living in his father's house as similar to "...living with a king, a very peculiar, changeable, cruel, and all powerful king." He felt that had his mother not consoled him and encouraged his singing, he would have killed himself. His sister later explained that Gaye was beaten often, from age seven well into his teenage years.
Gaye attended
and joined several
vocal groups, including the Dippers and the D.C. Tones. Gaye's relationship with his father worsened during his teenage years, as his father would kick him out of the house often. In 1956, 17-year-old Gaye dropped out of high school and enlisted in the
as a . Disappointed in having to perform menial tasks, he faked mental illness and was discharged shortly afterwards. Gaye's sergeant stated that he refused to follow orders.
A 1959 promotional picture of
and the New Moonglows. Gaye is fourth from the left behind a seated Fuqua.
Following his return, Gaye and good friend Reese Palmer formed the vocal
The Marquees. The group performed in the D.C. area and soon began working with , who assigned the group to
subsidiary
after failing to get the group signed to his own label, . The group's sole single, "Wyatt Earp" (co-written by Bo Diddley), failed to chart and the group was soon dropped from the label. Gaye began
music during this period.
co-founder
later hired The Marquees as employees. Under Fuqua's direction, the group changed its name to Harvey and the New Moonglows, and relocated to Chicago. The group recorded several sides for Chess in 1959, including the song "Mama Loocie", which was Gaye's first lead vocal recording. The group found work as
for established acts such as , singing on the hits "" and "."
In 1960, the group disbanded. Gaye relocated to
with Fuqua where he signed with Tri-Phi Records as a session musician, playing drums on several Tri-Phi releases. Gaye performed at
president 's house during the holiday season in 1960. Impressed by the singer, Gordy sought Fuqua on his contract with Gaye. Fuqua agreed to sell part of his interest in his contract with Gaye. Shortly afterwards, Gaye signed with Motown subsidiary Tamla.
When Gaye signed with Tamla, he pursued a career as a performer of
music and , having no desire to become an R&B performer. Before the release of his first single, Gaye was teased about his surname, with some jokingly asking, "Is Marvin ?" Gaye changed his surname by adding an e, in the same way as did . Author
wrote that Gaye did this to silence rumours of his , and to put more distance between Gaye and his father.
Gaye released his first single, "", in May 1961, with the album , following a month later. Gaye's initial recordings failed commercially and he spent most of 1961 performing session work as a drummer for artists such as
for $5 (US$40 in 2016 dollars) a week to play drums for
and blues artist . While Gaye took some advice on performing with his eyes open (having been accused of appearing as though he were sleeping), he refused to attend grooming school courses at the John Roberts Powers School for Social Grace in Detroit because of his unwillingness to comply with its orders, something he later regretted.
In 1962, Gaye found success as co-writer of the Marvelettes hit, "". His first solo hit, "", was later released that September, reaching No. 8 on the R&B chart and No. 46 on the Billboard Hot 100. Gaye reached the top 40 with the dance song, "", peaking at No. 30 on the Hot 100. "" became Gaye's first top ten single after its release in 1963.
The three singles and songs from the 1962 sessions were included on Gaye's second album, . Starting in October of the year, Gaye performed as part of the , a series of concert tours headlined at the north and south eastern coasts of the United States as part of the . A filmed performance of Gaye at the
took place in June 1963. Later that October, Tamla issued the live album, . "" became one of Gaye's early international hits.
In 1964, Gaye recorded a successful duet album with singer
titled , which reached No. 42 on the pop album chart. The album's two-sided single, including "" and '", each reach the top 20. Gaye's next solo hit, "", which
wrote for him, reached No. 6 on the Hot 100 and reached the top 50 in the UK. Gaye started getting television exposure around this time, on shows such as . Also in 1964, he appeared in the , . Gaye had two No. 1R&B singles in 1965 with the – "" and "". Both songs became million-sellers. After this, Gaye returned to jazz-derived ballads for a tribute album to the recently-deceased .
A screenshot of a 1967 performance by Gaye and Terrell during taping of the .
After scoring a hit duet, "" with , Gaye began working with
on a series of duets, mostly composed by , including "", "", "" and "".
"I Heard It through the Grapevine" was recorded by Gaye in April 1967, several months before
recorded it. The song features a
piano, percussion, and horns. Gaye's recording of it paved the way for what later became "".
Problems playing this file? See .
In October 1967, Terrell collapsed in Gaye's arms during a performance in . Terrell was subsequently rushed to Farmville's Southside Community Hospital, where doctors discovered she had a malignant . The diagnosis ended Terrell's career as a , though she continued to record music under careful supervision. Despite the presence of hit singles such as "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By", Terrell's illness caused problems with recording, and led to multiple operations to remove the tumor. Gaye was reportedly devastated by Terrell's sickness and became disillusioned with the record business.
In late 1968, Gaye's recording of
became Gaye's first to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached the top of the charts in other countries, selling over four million copies. However, Gaye felt the success was something he "didn't deserve" and that he "felt like a puppet — Berry's puppet, 's puppet...." Gaye followed it up with "" and "", which reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1969. That year, his album
became his first No. 1 R&B album. Gaye produced and co-wrote two hits for
during this period, including "" and "".
Terrell died from
on March 16, 1970: Gaye attended her funeral. After a period of , Gaye sought out a position on a
team, the , where he later befriended
and . It was eventually decided that Gaye would not be allowed to try out owing to fears of possible injuries that could have affected his music career.
Main articles:
On June 1, 1970, Gaye returned to , where he recorded his new composition , inspired by an idea from
after he witnessed an act of
rally in Berkeley. Upon hearing the song, Berry Gordy refused its release due to his feelings of the song being "too political" for radio. Gaye responded by going on strike from recording until the label released the song. Released in 1971, it reached No. 1 on the R&B charts within a month, staying there for five weeks. It also reached the top spot on 's pop chart for a week and reached No. 2 on the Hot 100 and the
chart, selling over two million copies.
After giving an ultimatum to record a full album to win creative control from Motown, Gaye spent ten days recording the What's Going On album that March. Motown issued the album that May after Gaye remixed portions of the album in Hollywood. The album became Gaye's first million-selling album launching two more top ten singles, "" and "". One of Motown's first autonomous works, its theme and segue flow brought the
format to rhythm and blues. An
writer later cited it as "...the most important and passionate record to come out of , delivered by one of its finest voices." For the album, Gaye received two
nominations and several . The album also topped Rolling Stone's year-end list as its album of the year. Billboard magazine named Gaye Trendsetter of the Year following the album's success.
In 1971, Gaye signed a new deal with Motown worth $1 million (US$5,843,057 in 2016 dollars), making it the most lucrative deal by a black recording artist at the time. Gaye first responded to the new contract with the soundtrack and subsequent , , released in late 1972.
"Let's Get It On" was written by Gaye and producer , originally as a
song, and later as a protest song before eventually turning into a -oriented love anthem. It became Gaye's second number-one hit in 1973.
Problems playing this file? See .
In 1973, Gaye released the
album. Its
became Gaye's second No. 1 single on the Hot 100. The album subsequently stayed on the charts for two years and sold over three million copies. The album was later hailed as "a record unparalleled in its sheer sensuality and carnal energy." Other singles from the album included "", which recalled Gaye's early Motown soul sound of the previous decade, while the suggestive "" reached modest success but received tepid promotion due to the song's sexually explicit content.
Marvin's final duet project, , with , garnered international success despite contrasting artistic styles. Responding to demand from fans and Motown, Gaye started his first
in four years at the
on January 4, 1974. The performance received critical acclaim and resulted in the release of the live album,
and its single, a live version of , an album track from Let's Get It On.
The tour helped to increase Gaye's reputation as a live performer. For a time, he was earning $10,000 a night (US$47,982 in 2016 dollars) for performances. Gaye toured throughout 1974 and 1975. A renewed contract with Motown allowed Gaye to build his own .
In October 1975, Gaye gave a performance at a
benefit concert at New York's
to support UNESCO's African literacy drive, resulting in him being commended at the United Nations by then-Ambassador to
and . Gaye's next studio album, , followed in 1976 with the
becoming a No. 1 R&B hit. That summer, Gaye embarked on his first European tour in a decade, starting off in England. In early 1977, Gaye released the live album, , which sold over two million copies thanks to the success of its studio song, "", which became a No. 1 hit.
Main articles:
In December 1978, Gaye released , inspired by the fallout of his first marriage to . Recorded as an intent for Gaye to remit a portion of its royalties to her to receive
payments, it performed poorly on the charts. During that period, Gaye developed a serious
and was dealing with several financial issues with the . These issues led him to move to , where he struggled to record a
album. In 1980, Gaye went on a European tour. By the time the tour stopped, the singer relocated to London where he feared
for failure to pay , which had now reached upwards of $4.5 million.(US$12,923,869 in 2016 dollars)
Gaye then reworked Love Man from its original disco concept to another personal album invoking religion and the possible
from a chapter in the . Titling the album , Gaye worked on the album for much of 1980 in London studios such as
In the fall of that year, someone stole a master tape of a rough draft of the album from one of Gaye's traveling musicians, Frank Blair, taking the master tape to Motown's Hollywood headquarters. Motown remixed the album and released it on January 15, 1981. When Gaye learned of its release, Gaye accused Motown of editing and remixing the album without his consent, allowing the release of an unfinished production (Far Cry), altering the album art of his request and removing the album title's question mark, muting its irony. He also accused the label of rush-releasing the album, comparing his unfinished album to an unfinished
painting. Gaye then vowed not to record any more music for Motown.
Marvin Gaye by the Belgian artist Willy Bosschem.
On February 14, 1981, under the advice of music promoter , Gaye relocated to Cousaert's apartment in , Belgium. While there, Gaye shied away from heavy drug use and began exercising and attending a local Ostend church, regaining personal confidence. Following several months of recovery, Gaye sought a comeback onstage, starting the short-lived Heavy Love Affair tour in England and Ostend in June–July 1981. Gaye's personal attorney Curtis Shaw would later describe Gaye's Ostend period as "the best thing that ever happened to Marvin". When word got around that Gaye was planning a musical comeback and an exit from Motown,
president Larkin Arnold eventually was able to convince Gaye to sign with CBS. On March 23, 1982, Motown and
negotiated Gaye's release from Motown. The details of the contract were not revealed due to a possible negative effect on the singer's settlement to creditors from the IRS.
Main articles:
"Sexual Healing" was written by Gaye alongside Odell Brown and . Ritz said Gaye advised him to write a poem after telling the singer he needed "sexual healing" while living in Europe. The song became an international hit after its release in 1982.
Problems playing this file? See .
Assigned to CBS'
subsidiary, Gaye worked on his first post-Motown album titled . The first single, "" which was written and recorded in Ostend in his apartment, was released on September 30, 1982, and became Gaye's biggest career hit, spending a record ten weeks at No. 1 on the
chart, becoming the biggest R&B hit of the 1980s according to Billboard stats. The success later translated to the
chart in January 1983 where it peaked at No. 3, while the record reached international success, reaching the top spot in
and reaching the top ten on the United Kingdom's , later selling over two million copies in the U.S. alone, becoming Gaye's most successful single to date. The video for the song was shot at Ostend's Casino-Kursaal.
Sexual Healing won Gaye his first two
including , in February 1983, and also won Gaye an
in the -soul category.
magazine called it "America's hottest musical turn-on since
demanded we get ." Midnight Love was released to stores a day after the single's release, and was equally successful, peaking at the top ten of the
and becoming Gaye's eighth No. 1 album on the
chart, eventually selling over six million copies worldwide, three million alone in the U.S.
I don't make records for pleasure. I did when I was a younger artist, but I don't today. I record so that I can feed people what they need, what they feel. Hopefully, I record so that I can help someone overcome a bad time.
– December 1982
On February 13, 1983, Gaye sang "" at the
in —accompanied by , who played the studio tape from the stands. The following month, Gaye performed at the
special. This and a May appearance on
(his third appearance on the show) became Gaye's final television performances. Gaye embarked on his final concert tour, titled the Sexual Healing Tour, on April 18, 1983, in San Diego. The tour ended on August 14, 1983 at the
but was plagued by cocaine-triggered
and illness. Following the concert's end, he retreated to his parents' house in Los Angeles. In early 1984, Midnight Love was nominated for a Grammy in the Best Male R&B Vocal Performance category, his 12th and final nomination.
Main article:
People gathering outside the home where Marvin Gaye was fatally shot, April 1, 1984.
At around 12:38 p.m. () on April 1, 1984, while Gaye was talking with his mother, his father
shot Gaye twice: in the heart and on his left shoulder respectively, the latter shot taken at . The first shot proved to be fatal. Gaye was pronounced dead at 1:01 p.m. () after his body arrived at . Minutes earlier, the two men were involved in a physical altercation after Gaye intervened in an argument between his parents.
After Gaye's funeral, his body was cremated at
at the , his ashes were later scattered at the Pacific Ocean. Initially charged with first-degree murder, Gay Sr.'s charges dropped to voluntary manslaughter following a diagnosis of a brain tumor and Gaye's autopsy revealing the singer had drugs in his system. Marvin Gay Sr. was later sentenced to a suspended six-year sentence and probation. He died at a nursing home in 1998.
Main article:
Marvin was the father of three children, Marvin III, , and Frankie, and the grandfather of three boys, Marvin IV, Nolan, and Dylan. At the time of his death, he was survived by his three children, parents, and five siblings.
Marvin Gaye in 1973
As a child, Gaye's main influence was his minister father, something he later acknowledged to biographer , and also in interviews, often mentioning that his father's sermons greatly impressed him. His first major musical influences were
groups such as
and . Gaye's
page lists the Capris' song, God Only Knows as "critical to his musical awakening." Of the Capris' song, Gaye said, "It fell from the heavens and hit me between the eyes. So much soul, so much hurt. I related to the story, to the way that no one except the Lord really can read the heart of lonely kids in love." Gaye's main musical influences were Rudy West of , ,
and . Gaye considered
a major influence in what he wanted to be. He also was influenced by the vocal styles of
Later on as his Motown career developed, Gaye would seek inspiration in fellow label mates such as
as their grittier voices led to Gaye and his producer seeking a similar sound in recordings such as "" and "". Later in his life, Gaye reflected on the influence of Ruffin and Stubbs stating, "I had heard something in their voices something my own voice lacked". He further explained, "the
and ' music made me remember that when a lot of women listen to music, they want to feel the power of a real man."
Gaye had a three-octave . From his earlier recordings as member of the Marquees and Harvey and the New Moonglows, and in his first several recordings with Motown, Gaye recorded mainly in the
ranges. He changed his tone to a rasp for his gospel-inspired early hits such as "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" and "Hitch Hike". As writer
explained, "He was the only singer I have ever heard known to take a song of that nature, that was so far removed from his natural voice where he liked singing, and do whatever it took to sell that song."
In songs such as "Pride and Joy", Gaye used three different vocal ranges—singing in his baritone range at the beginning, bringing a lighter tenor in the verses before reaching a gospel mode in the chorus. Holland further stated of Gaye's voice that it was "...one of the sweetest and prettiest voices you ever wanted to hear." And while he noted that ballads and jazz was "his basic soul", he stated Gaye "...had the ability to take a roughhouse, rock and roll, blues, R&B, any kind of song and make it his own", later saying that Gaye was the most versatile vocalist he had ever worked with.
Gaye changed his vocal style in the late 1960s, when he was advised to use a sharper, raspy voice—especially in Norman Whitfield's recordings. Gaye initially disliked the new style, considering it out of his range, but said he was "into being produce-able." After listening to David Ruffin and Levi Stubbs, Gaye said he started to develop what he called his "tough man voice"—saying, "I developed a growl." In the liner notes of his DVD set, Marvin Gaye: The Real Thing in Performance , Rob Bowman said that by the early 1970s, Gaye had developed "three distinct voices: his smooth, and an unreal ." Bowman further wrote that the recording of the What's Going On single was "...the first single to utilize all three as Marvin developed a radical approach to constructing his recordings by layering a series of contrapuntal background vocal lines on different tracks, each one conceived and sung in isolation by Marvin himself." Bowman cites Gaye's multi-tracking of his tenor voice and other vocal styles "summon[ed] up what might be termed the ancient art of weaving".
Prior to recording the
album, Gaye recorded a cover of the song, "", which became a UK hit in 1970. Only a handful of artists of various genres had recorded albums that focused on social commentary, including . Despite some politically conscious material recorded by
in the late 1960s, Motown artists were often told to not delve into political and social commentary, fearing alienation from pop audiences. Early in his career, Gaye was affected by social events such as the 1965
and once asked himself, "with the world exploding around me, how am I supposed to keep singing love songs?" When the singer called Gordy in the Bahamas about wanting to do , Gordy cautioned him, "Marvin, don't be ridiculous. That's taking things too far."
Gaye was inspired by the
and supported the efforts they put forth like giving free meals to poor families door to door, however, he did not support the violent tactics the Panthers used to fight oppression, as Gaye's messages in many of his political songs were . The lyrics and music of What's Going On discuss and illustrate issues during the s such as police brutality, drug abuse, environmental issues, anti-war, and black power issues. Gaye was inspired to make this album because of events such as the , the , and the s.
Once Gaye presented Gordy with the What's Going On album, Gordy feared Gaye was risking the ruination of his image as a sex symbol. Following the album's success, Gaye tried a follow-up album that he would label You're the Man. The
only produced modest success, however, and Gaye and Motown shelved the album. Later on, several of Gaye's unreleased songs of social commentary, including "", would be issued on posthumous compilation albums. What's Going On would later be described by an
writer as an album that "not only redefined soul music as a creative force but also expanded its impact as an agent for social change".
The album also provided another first in both Motown and R&B music: Gaye and his engineers had composed the album in a , segueing previous songs into other songs giving the album a more cohesive feel as opposed to R&B albums that traditionally included
to complete the album. This style of music would influence recordings by artists such as
making the concept album format a part of 1970s R&B music. Concept albums are usually based on either one theme or a series of themes in connection to the original thesis of the album's concept. Let's Get It On repeated the suite-form arrangement of What's Going On, as would Gaye's later albums such as I Want You, Here, My Dear and In Our Lifetime.
Although Marvin Gaye was not actually doing social justice work outside of his music, he became a public figure for social change and inspired/educated many people through his work.
Marvin Gaye has been called, "The number-one
of soul music." In his book, Mercy Mercy Me: The Art, Loves and Demons of Marvin Gaye,
described Gaye as someone "...who transcended the boundaries of
as no other performer had done before." Following his death,
described Gaye as someone who "blended the soul music of the urban scene with the beat of the old-time gospel singer and became an influential force in pop music". Further in the article, Gaye was also credited with combining "the soulful directness of gospel music, the sweetness of soft-soul and pop, and the vocal musicianship of a jazz singer." His recordings for Motown in the 1960s and 1970s shaped that label's . His work with Motown gave him the titles Prince of Soul and Prince of Motown. Critics stated that Gaye's music "...signified the development of black music from raw rhythm and blues, through sophisticated soul to the political awareness of the 1970s and increased concentration on personal and sexual politics thereafter." As a Motown artist, Gaye was among the first to break from the reins of its production system, paving the way for . Gaye's late 1970s and early 1980s recordings influenced contemporary forms of R&B predating the subgenres
Artists from many genres have covered Gaye's music, including , , , , , , , , ,
and . Other artists such as , ,
interpolated parts of Gaye's clothing from the singer's mid-1970s period. Gaye's clothing style was later was appropriated by
in his role as James "Thunder" Early in . Gaye's military-styled clothing attire in his final tour influenced . According to David Ritz, "Since 1983, Marvin's name has been mentioned—in reverential tones—on no less than seven top-ten hit records." Later performers such as
sampled Gaye's work for their recordings.
inducted him in 1987, declaring that Gaye "...made a huge contribution to soul music in general and the Motown Sound in particular." The page stated that Gaye "...possessed a classic
voice that was edged with grit yet tempered with sweetness." The page further states that Gaye "...projected an air of soulful authority driven by fervid conviction and heartbroken vulnerability." A year after his death, then-mayor of D.C.,
declared April 2 as "Marvin Gaye Jr. Memorial Scholarship Fund Day" in the city. Since then, a non-profit organization has helped to organize annual Marvin Gaye Day Celebrations in the city of Washington.
A year later, Gaye's mother founded the Marvin P. Gaye Jr. Memorial Foundation in dedication to her son to help those suffering
however she died a day before the memorial was set to open in 1987. Gaye's sister Jeanne once served as the foundation's chairperson. In 1990, Gaye received a star on the . In 1996, Gaye posthumously received the . The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listed three Gaye recordings, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "What's Going On" and "Sexual Healing", among its list of the 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll. American music magazine
ranked Gaye No. 18 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" and sixth on their list of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time".
magazine ranked Gaye sixth on their list of the "100 Greatest Singers".
Three of Gaye's albums —
(1973), and
(1978) — were ranked by
on their list of the . What's Going On remains his largest-ranked album, reaching No. 6 on the Rolling Stone list and topped the
list of the Top 100 Albums of All Time in 1985 and was later chosen in 2003 for inclusion by the
to its . In addition, four of his songs — "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "What's Going On, "Let's Get It On" and "Sexual Healing" — made it on the Rolling Stone list of the .
In 2006, a park that Gaye frequented as a teenager called Watts Branch Park in Washington was renamed Marvin Gaye Park. Three years later, the 5200 block of Foote Street NE in , Washington, D.C., was renamed Marvin Gaye Way. In August 2014, Gaye was inducted to the official
in its second class. In October 2015, the
announced Gaye as a nominee for induction to the Hall's 2016 class after posthumous nominations were included. Gaye was named as a posthumous inductee to that hall on March 2, 2016. Gaye was subsequently inducted to the Songwriters Hall on June 9, 2016.
of the national anthem was used in a
commercial featuring the 2008 U.S. Olympic basketball team. Also, on ' final NBA telecast to date (before the contract moved to ) at the conclusion of Game 5 of the , they used Gaye's 1983 All-Star Game performance over the closing credits. When
launched on January 1, 1985, Gaye's 1983 rendition of the national anthem was the very first video they aired. Most recently, it was used in the intro to '
documentary on the game of baseball.
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine" was played in a
ad in 1985. The result of the commercial's success led to the original song finding renewed success in Europe after
re-released it in the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands. In 1986, the song was covered by
as part of a
ad campaign. The song was later used for
commercials in Finland and to promote a brand of
cigarettes in Germany.
Gaye's music has also been used in numerous
and , both of which featured Gaye's music from his Trouble Man soundtrack. "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" was used in the opening credits of the film, . Gaye's music has also become a source for
in hip-hop .
In 2007, his song, "A Funky Space Reincarnation", was used in the –starred ad for
J'Adore perfume. A documentary about Gaye—What's Going On: The Marvin Gaye Story—was a UK/ co-production, directed by
and was first broadcast in 2006. Two years later, the special re-aired with a different production and newer interviews after it was re-broadcast as an
special. Another documentary, focusing on his 1981 documentary, Transit Ostend, titled Remember Marvin, aired in 2006.
In 2008, Gaye's estate earned $3.5 million (US$3,846,754 in 2016 dollars). As a result, Gaye took 13th place in "Top-Earning Dead Celebrities" in
On March 11, 2015, Gaye's family was awarded $7.3 million in damages following a decision by an eight-member jury in Los Angeles that
had breached copyright by incorporating part of Gaye's song "Got to Give It Up" into their hit "".
There have been several attempts to adapt Gaye's life story into a feature film. In February 2006, it was reported that
was to portray Gaye in a biopic titled Sexual Healing, named after Gaye's . The film was to have been directed by Lauren Goodman and produced by
and Alexandra Ryan. The film was to depict the final three years of Gaye's life. Years later, other producers such as Jean-Luc Van Damme, Frederick Bestall and Jimmy De Brabant, came aboard and Goodman was replaced by .
was almost slated to playing Gaye. The script was to be written by Matthew Broughton. The film was to have been distributed by
and released on April 1, 2014, the thirtieth anniversary of Gaye's death. This never came to fruition and it was announced that Focus Features no longer has involvement with the Gaye biopic as of June 2013.
In June 2008, it was announced that
was going to direct a biopic titled Marvin. The script was to be written by C. Gaby Mitchell and the film was to be produced by David Foster and Duncan McGillivray and co-produced by Ryan Heppe. According to Gray, the film would cover Gaye's entire life, from his emergence at Motown through his defiance of Berry Gordy to record
and on up to his death.
had also been working on a biopic titled My Name Is Marvin. The film was to have been a
presentation with
as producer. Both
were considered for the role of Gaye. Crowe later confirmed in August 2011 that he abandoned the project: "We were working on the Marvin Gaye movie which is called My Name is Marvin, but the time just wasn’t right for that movie."
Members of Gaye's family, such as his ex-wife Janis and his son Marvin III, have expressed opposition to a biopic.
On December 9, 2015,
spoke of a biopic to be directed by F. Gary Gray was approved by Berry Gordy and
as well as Gaye's family, following the success of Gray's
biopic based on the hip-hop act,
Main article:
Gaye acted in two movies. Interestingly both were to do with Vietnam veterans. One was in 1969 in the
directed film,
which starred . The film was about a war veteran returning to find that his expectations haven't been met and he feels betrayed. Gaye had a prominent role in the film as David Owens. The other was in 1971. He had a role in the
directed biker-exploitation film, , a film about a group of Vietnam veterans taking on a bike gang . The film starred
and he played the part of Jim, one of the veterans. Gaye did have acting aspirations and had signed with the
but that only lasted a year as Gaye wasn't satisfied with the support he was getting from the agency.
Main article:
Studio albums
(documentary)
(television movie)
(television movie)
(documentary)
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