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VVVVVV is a 2010
created by . The game was built in
and released on January 11, 2010, for
and . The game was ported to
by Simon Roth in 2011, and released as part of the . The port to C++ allowed the porting of the game to other platforms as ,
In this room, Captain Viridian must avoid the red spikes and green ghost. The "C" icon to the left of the spike pit is a checkpoint, which the player is returned to upon dying.
Unlike most
games, in VVVVVV the player is not able to jump, but instead can reverse the direction of gravity when standing on a surface, causing Captain Viridian to fall either upwards or downwards. This unusual feature was first seen in the 1986
game . The player uses this mechanic to traverse the game's environment and avoid various hazards, including stationary spikes and moving enemies.
Later areas introduce new mechanics such as moving floors or rooms which, upon touching one edge of the screen, . VVVVVV contains eight main
situated inside a larger open world for the player to explore. Due to its high level of difficulty, the game world contains many checkpoints, to which the player's character is reset upon death.
The sad elephant, sometimes also called the elephant in the room, is a large elephant with a tear dropping from its eye. It spans four rooms near the Space Station area of Dimension VVVVVV, flickering constantly from color to color. If the player stands near the elephant for a short period of time, it will cause Captain Viridian to become sad. The elephant serves no function to the game, but has served to provoke much discussion about its meaning or symbolism amongst fans of the game. Similarly to many of the enemies in the game, the sad elephant originated in dream journals kept by creator Terry Cavanagh and not from Jet Set Willy as once believed.
The Sad Elephant near Space Station 2
The player controls Captain Viridian, who at the outset of VVVVVV must evacuate the spaceship along with the captain's crew, when the ship becomes affected by "dimensional interference". The crew escapes th however, Captain Viridian becomes separated from the rest of the crew on the other end of the teleporter. Upon returning to the ship, the Captain learns that the ship is trapped in an alternative dimension (referred to as Dimension VVVVVV), and that the ship's crew has been scattered throughout this dimension. The player's goal, as Captain Viridian, is to rescue the missing crew members and find the cause of the dimensional interference.
The gravity-flipping mechanic of VVVVVV is based on an earlier game designed by Cavanagh, entitled Sine Wave Ninja. In an interview , Cavanagh said that he was interested in using this idea as a core concept of a game, something he felt other games which include a gravity-flipping mechanism had never done before.
Cavanagh first unveiled VVVVVV on his blog in June 2009. The game had been in development for two weeks, and Cavanagh estimated that the game would be finished in another two, "but hopefully not much longer." A follow-up post published in July 2009 included screenshots of the game and an explanation of the game's gravity-flipping mechanic. Cavanagh wrote that VVVVVV, unlike some of his previous work such as Judith and Pathways, would not be a "storytelling experiment", but rather "focused on the level design". The game was first shown publicly at the 2009 , which gave Cavanagh the opportunity to collect feedback from players. In December 2009, a beta version of VVVVVV which had been given to donors was
The visual style of VVVVVV is heavily inspired by games released for the
8-bit computer from the 1980s, especially
which is referenced by the element of collecting difficult-to-reach shiny objects and most notably the Cavanagh aimed to create a game "that looked and felt like the C64 games I grew up with." He eventually entrusted naming the rooms to
developer Bennett Foddy, who created every room name in the final version. The graphical style of VVVVVV is heavil similarly, the game's music is heavily dependent on
elements. Swedish composer Magnus P?lsson scored the game, and released the original soundtrack in 2010, titled PPPPPP.
Cavanagh also considered this game an opportunity to indulge in his "retro fetish". He has said because he lacks the technical prowess to make more modern-looking games, he instead focuses on making them
additionally, he finds this to be made easier by "work[ing] within narrow limits". VVVVVV was the first game which Cavanagh sold commercially. While his previous games were all released as freeware, due to the size of VVVVVV compared to his previous work, Cavanagh felt that he "couldn't see [himself] going down that route."
VVVVVV was released on January 11, 2010 for
of the game is playable on the website . A
version was in development, but a number of technical difficulties arose in the
process, which led Cavanagh to cancel it for the time being.
The game was rewritten in C++ by games developer Simon Roth in 2011, allowing Linux support to be successfully implemented. This formed version 2.0 of VVVVVV, launched on July 24, 2011 as part of the third . Version 2.0 also features support for custom levels, and a level editor. The C++ port also allowed for the implementation of new graphics modes and various speed improvements. Version 2.0, however, does not support saved games from the original Flash version of VVVVVV; many players received this update via Steam without warning, and hence were unable to continue their existing saved games. A save-file exporter is in development.
Based on this
it was also ported in 2011 for the , which requires the data files from the ,
version of the game to work.
On October 7, 2011, it was announced that a version of the game was being made for
by Nicalis. It was released on December 29, 2011 in North America and May 10, 2012 in Europe.
The soundtrack of VVVVVV was composed by
musician Magnus P?lsson (also known as SoulEye). Cavanagh approached P?lsson to compose VVVVVV after playing Space Phallus, an indie game by Charlie's Games, which featured a song by him. P?lsson wrote on the Distractionware blog that, upon playing Cavanagh's previous games, he was "amazed at the depth that came with the games, even though they were small and short." In writing the music for VVVVVV, P?lsson aimed to make "uptempo happy songs that would ingrain themselves into your minds whether you want to or not, hopefully so much so that you’d go humming on them when not playing, and making you want to come back to the game even more." The complete soundtrack, titled PPPPPP, was released alongside VVVVVV and is sold as a
on P?lsson's personal website. On June 12, 2014 P?lsson released a
version of the soundtrack titled MMMMMM which was arranged and performed by guitarist Jules Conroy. The album contains a mod file to replace the in-game music with the metal tracks.
"Powerup"  
"Presenting VVVVVV"  
"Pause"  
"Pushing Onwards"  
"Path Complete"  
"Passion for Exploring"  
"Positive Force"  
"Predestined Fate"  
"Potential for Anything"  
"Pressure Cooker"  
"Plenary"  
"Pipe Dream"  
"Popular Potpourri"  
Total length:
VVVVVV has been generally well received by critics, earning a score of 78.78% (PC) and 80.28% (3DS) on review aggregation website . The game was noted for being the first important independent release of 2010;
called it "the first great Indie game of the year", while Michael Rose, writing , noted that the release of VVVVVV followed a year which "some may argue...didn't really deliver an outstanding indie title which showed the mainstream that independent developers mean business." The level design of VVVVVV was lauded by critics: Rose considered the game to have no filler content, which he found to be "one of the game's strongest points". Michael McWhertor of gaming news blog
wrote that the game's areas contained "a surprising amount of variation throughout...ensuring that VVVVVV never feels like its designer failed to explore the gameplay possibilities."
Most reviewers wrote of VVVVVV's high level of difficulty. McWhertor found that "the game's trial and error moments can seriously test one's patience." However, several critics noted that the game's challenge is made less frustrating due to its numerous checkpoints, as well as the player's ability to retry after dying as many times as needed. These additions made VVVVVV "not unforgiving", according to
staff writer Samuel Claiborn, while still being "old-school in its demands of player dedication". Independent reviewer Declan Tyson said that he feels "victimised by the game's criminally unforgiving collision detection and over-enthusiastically sensitive controls" but that "it's all worth it for when you reach the next checkpoint and feel that split second of relief".
The price of VVVVVV when it was originally released was $15. This was seen by McWhertor as being the game's "one unfortunate barrier" to entry: "While there's plenty to see and do after blazing through the game's core campaign, the steeper than expected asking price will probably turn some off." Likewise, Gillen wrote in his review that the cost "does strike you as a lot for an Indie lo-fi platformer", while insisting that "it is worth the money". Since its original release, the price of VVVVVV has been reduced to $5. On his blog, Cavanagh said that the decision was difficult to make, but added, "I know that the original price of $15 was off putting for a lot of people".
VVVVVV was awarded the IndieCade 2010 award for "Most Fun and Compelling" game in October 2010. Game development blog
honored VVVVVV in its year-end independent games awards, which earned second place in 2009 and an honorable mention in 2010. The game's protagonist, Captain Viridian, is a playable character in the
version of the platform game .
On May 1, 2016, ShinyQuagsire discovered that the
port of VVVVVV can be exploited to load
software. In a similar manner to , Nintendo removed the game from the eShop after the exploit was discovered.
. Eurogamer.net. .
Daniel Vuckovic (26 September 2012). . Vooks.net 2012.
McWhertor, Michael (). . Kotaku.
Rose, Michael (). . .
Gillen, Kieron (). . .
Welsh, Oli (). . .
Rose, Michael (). . .
Cavanagh, Terry (). . Distractionware.
Cavanagh, Terry (). . Distractionware.
Cavanagh, Terry (). . Distractionware.
Cavanagh, Terry (). . Distractionware.
Cavanagh, Terry (). . Distractionware.
Procter, Lewie (). . .
. Boards.openpandora.org. .
P?lsson, Magnus (). . Distractionware.
P?lsson, Magnus. .
P?lsson, Magnus (June 12, 2014). . SoulEye 2014.
. Metacritic. CBS Interactive.
. Metacritic. CBS Interactive.
Claiborn, Samuel (). . IGN.
McDougall, Jaz (). . .
Edge Staff (). . .
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Rose, M Tim W. (). . .
Rose, M Tim W. (). . .
Orland, Kyle (3 May 2016). . Ars Technica 2016.
Frank, Allegra (3 May 2016). . Polygon 2016.
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