大炮专题介绍：大炮是大家所熟知的重型攻击武器，其威力不容小视。正因为其摧毁威力大，破坏性强，所有很多游戏中都有大炮的出现，射击游戏不在话下，而很多物理游戏中大炮的出现也让游戏更加有趣，4399大炮小游戏合集，让你操控重型武器，领略破坏的快感！
大炮手机游戏推荐
大炮小游戏排行
第 1 页 / 共 5 页
作品版权归作者所有，如果侵犯了您的版权，请，本站将在3个工作日内删除。温馨提示：抵制不良游戏，拒绝盗版游戏，注意自我保护，谨防受骗上当，适度游戏益脑，沉迷游戏伤身，合理安排时间，享受健康生活
| | |||||&关注：
||||&法律顾问：北京盛峰律师事务所
文明办网文明上网举报电话：&|&举报邮箱：&||
Copyright & 2004 -
All Rights Reserved. 四三九九网络股份有限公司 版权所有您所在位置： &
&nbsp&&nbsp&nbsp&&nbsp
[精品资料]世界科技全景百卷书62恐龙时代.pdf 69页
本文档一共被下载：
次 ,您可全文免费在线阅读后下载本文档。
下载提示
1.本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性，不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。
2.该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览三)归上传者、原创者。
3.登录后可充值，立即自动返金币，充值渠道很便利
需要金币：150 &&
[精品资料]世界科技全景百卷书62恐龙时代
你可能关注的文档：
··········
··········
恐龙化石的发现
曼特尔发现的化石
恐龙类动物出现在距今约2.25亿年的三叠纪，经过侏罗纪，消失于距今
约6500万年的白垩纪，前前后后有着1.5亿年的历史，但人类直到相当晚的
时候才知道有过恐龙的存在。
人类发现恐龙是从研究恐龙化石开始的。
“化石”这个词原来字面的意思是指 “挖出来的东西”，而现在指的是
石化了的生物 （包括动物或植物）的遗留部分。古代的生物被掩埋在沉积物
中，这些沉积物可以堆积在陆地上，也可以堆积在江、湖、河、海的水底，
还可以堆积在沼泽地。生物体中的软组织部分 （皮肤、肌肉、内脏等）很快
就腐烂了，但是坚硬的部分 （如骨骼、牙齿、外壳等）被遗留下来，经过了
几万年、几十万年、几百万年甚至更长的时间，含有矿物质的地下水浸入了
它们，矿物质就逐渐代替了它们的有机组织，也就是说逐渐形成了化石，化
石仍然保持了原来有机组织的形状和大小。由于不同时期的化石存在于不同
的地质层中，科学家就可以据此分析生物进化的过程，也可以通过对化石的
分析，用比较解剖学的原理，从不完整的骨骼化石推测出整个动物的大小、
形状乃至于它们的习性。
19世纪以来，研究岩石中的动物、植物化石并解释它们存在的一门特殊
科学已经发展起来，这门介于生物学和地质学之间的学科，被称为古生物学。
当时，经过与宗教和迷信的长期斗争，人们对于化石的本质有了较正确的认
识，但那时候许多古生物学家还是 “业余”的，英格兰的曼特尔就是其中的
曼特尔的主要职业是乡村医生，但他和他的妻子都爱好收集化石标本。
1822年的一天，他的妻子陪他一同出诊，当他在为病人诊治时，他的妻子在
屋外修路的工地上发现了一些奇特的牙齿化石。曼特尔描述说，这是一些很
大的牙齿，根据牙冠被磨光的斜面来判断，很像是某种大型 “厚皮兽类”已
经磨损的门齿的一部分。曼特尔医生追踪找到了出产这批化石的采石场，他
希望能找到这种兽类的其他部分的骨骼化石，但他未能成功。
这种牙齿化石出现在白垩纪铁砂组的岩层中，这使研究化石的专家们感
到很惊异，因为这个地层太古老了，当时认为，在这个地层中根本不可能有
哺乳动物的化石。
作为一名科学家，曼特尔对这种与当时传统观念不符合的发现持慎重态
度，他希望在正式展示他的发现之前，多听听同行的意见，更希望得到著名
专家的指点和支持。在伦敦召开的一次学术会议上，曼特尔把他发现的牙齿
化石给三位著名的专家看过，这三位专家的回答使曼特尔失望，他们断言他
的发现 “没有什么特别的意义”。曼特尔并不甘心，他把一颗牙齿化石送到
巴黎，请当时负有盛名的解剖学家巴龙·居维叶作鉴定，居维叶给他的答复
说： “这是犀牛的一颗上牙。”
由于权威人士的断然否定，曼特尔明智地推迟了自己著作的发表时间。
他把自己发现的牙齿化石带到了伦敦的亨特利安博物馆，与馆藏的各种化石
标本进行了比较，结果未能找到与他发现的牙齿化石类似的标本。帮助曼特
尔进行研究的一位青年科学家斯特契贝雷发现曼特尔找到的牙齿化石与他正
在研究的中美洲生存的一种名叫大鬣蜥的牙齿很相似。普通的大鬣蜥只有4
英尺 （约1.2米）长，按牙齿的比例类推，曼特尔发现的 “大蜥蜴”体长可
达40英尺 （约12米），显然这是一种已经灭绝了的巨大的食草爬行动物。
曼特尔将这种动物命名为 “禽龙”。1825年，他在英国皇家学会会刊发
表的一篇简报中，报道了关于禽龙化石的发现，这篇文章可以说是第一篇正
式发表的关于恐龙的论文。
以后，恐龙之类的化石又陆续有所发现。1842年，英国古生物学家欧文
为了说明在中生代地层中发现的陆栖的大型爬行动物，首先创造了
“Dinosaur”（恐龙）这一名称。该词是由“Deinos”（恐怖的）和“Sauros”
（蜥蜴）组成的，意思是“恐怖的蜥蜴”，因为中国一向有关于“龙”的传
说，所以译为 “恐
正在加载中，请稍后...&&&1&&&&&&&&&&&&&
本类月排行本类总排行
全部敏捷类小游戏
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.100.101.102.103.104.105.106.107.108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.145.146.147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.170.171.172.173.174.175.176.177.178.179.180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.244.245.246.247.248.249.250.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.259.260.261.262.263.264.265.266.267.268.269.270.271.272.273.274.275.276.277.278.279.280.281.282.283.284.285.286.287.288.289.290.291.292.293.294.295.296.297.298.299.300.301.302.303.304.305.306.307.308.309.310.311.312.313.314.315.316.317.318.319.320.321.322.323.324.325.326.327.328.329.330.331.332.333.334.335.336.337.338.339.340.341.342.343.344.345.346.347.348.349.350.351.352.353.354.355.356.357.358.359.360.361.362.363.364.365.366.367.368.369.370.371.372.373.374.375.376.377.378.379.380.381.382.383.384.385.386.387.388.389.390.391.392.393.394.395.396.397.398.399.400.401.402.403.404.405.406.407.408.409.410.411.412.413.414.415.416.417.418.419.420.421.422.423.424.425.426.427.428.429.430.431.432.433.434.435.436.437.438.439.440.441.442.443.444.445.446.447.448.449.450.451.452.453.454.455.456.457.458.459.460.461.462.463.464.465.466.467.468.469.470.471.472.473.474.475.476.477.478.479.480.481.482.483.484.485.486.487.488.489.490.491.492.493.494.495.496.497.498.499.500.501.502.503.504.505.506.507.508.509.510.511.512.513.514.515.516.517.518.519.520.521.522.523.524.525.526.527.528.529.530.531.532.533.534.535.536.537.538.539.540.541.542.543.544.545.546.547.548.549.550.551.552.553.554.555.556.557.558.559.560.561.562.563.564.565.566.567.568.569.570.571.572.573.574.575.576.577.578.579.580.581.582.583.584.585.586.587.588.589.590.591.592.593.594.595.596.597.598.599.600.601.602.603.604.605.606.607.608.609.610.611.612.613.614.615.616.617.618.619.620.621.622.623.624.625.626.627.628.629.630.631.632.633.634.635.636.637.638.639.640.641.642.643.644.645.646.647.648.649.650.651.652.653.654.655.656.657.658.659.660.661.662.663.664.665.666.667.668.669.670.671.672.673.674.675.676.677.678.679.680.681.682.683.684.685.686.687.688.689.690.691.692.693.694.695.696.697.698.699.700.701.702.703.704.705.706.707.708.709.710.711.712.713.714.715.716.717.718.719.720.721.722.723.724.725.726.727.728.729.730.731.732.733.734.735.736.737.738.739.740.741.742.743.744.745.746.747.748.749.750.751.752.753.754.755.756.757.758.759.760.761.762.763.764.765.766.767.768.769.770.771.772.773.774.775.776.777.778.779.780.781.782.783.784.785.786.787.788.789.790.791.792.793.794.795.796.797.798.799.800.801.802.803.804.805.806.807.808.809.810.811.812.813.814.815.816.817.818.819.820.821.822.823.824.825.826.827.828.829.830.831.832.833.834.835.836.837.838.839.840.841.842.843.844.845.846.847.848.849.850.851.852.853.854.855.856.857.858.859.860.861.862.863.864.865.866.867.868.869.870.871.872.873.874.875.876.877.878.879.880.881.882.883.884.885.886.887.888.889.890.891.892.893.894.895.896.897.898.899.900.901.902.903.904.905.906.907.908.909.910.911.912.913.914.915.916.917.918.919.920.921.922.923.924.925.926.927.928.929.930.931.932.933.934.935.936.937.938.939.940.941.942.943.944.945.946.947.948.949.950.951.952.953.954.955.956.957.958.959.960.961.962.963.964.965.966.967.968.969.970.971.972.973.974.975.976.977.978.979.980.981.982.983.984.985.986.987.988.989.990.991.992.993.994.995.996.997.998.999.1000.1001.1002.1003.1004.1005.1006.1007.1008.1009.1010.1011.1012.1013.1014.1015.1016.1017.1018.1019.1020.1021.1022.1023.1024.1025.1026.1027.1028.1029.1030.1031.1032.1033.1034.1035.1036.1037.1038.1039.1040.1041.1042.1043.1044.1045.1046.1047.1048.1049.1050.1051.1052.1053.1054.1055.1056.1057.1058.1059.1060.1061.1062.1063.1064.1065.1066.1067.1068.1069.1070.1071.1072.1073.1074.1075.1076.1077.1078.1079.1080.1081.1082.1083.1084.1085.1086.1087.1088.1089.1090.1091.1092.1093.1094.1095.1096.1097.1098.1099.1100.1101.1102.1103.1104.1105.1106.1107.1108.1109.1110.1111.1112.1113.1114.1115.1116.1117.1118.1119.1120.1121.1122.1123.1124.1125.1126.1127.1128.1129.1130.1131.1132.1133.1134.1135.1136.1137.1138.1139.1140.1141.1142.1143.1144.1145.1146.1147.1148.1149.1150.1151.1152.1153.1154.1155.1156.1157.1158.1159.1160.1161.1162.1163.1164.1165.1166.1167.1168.1169.1170.1171.1172.1173.1174.1175.1176.1177.1178.1179.1180.1181.1182.1183.1184.1185.1186.1187.1188.1189.1190.1191.1192.1193.1194.1195.1196.1197.1198.1199.1200.1201.1202.1203.1204.1205.1206.1207.1208.1209.1210.1211.1212.1213.1214.1215.1216.1217.1218.1219.1220.1221.1222.1223.1224.1225.1226.1227.1228.1229.1230.1231.1232.1233.1234.1235.1236.1237.1238.1239.1240.1241.1242.1243.1244.1245.1246.1247.1248.1249.1250.1251.1252.1253.1254.1255.1256.1257.1258.1259.1260.1261.1262.1263.1264.1265.1266.1267.1268.1269.1270.1271.1272.1273.1274.1275.1276.1277.1278.1279.1280.1281.1282.1283.1284.1285.1286.1287.1288.1289.1290.1291.1292.1293.1294.1295.1296.1297.1298.1299.1300.1301.1302.1303.1304.1305.1306.1307.1308.1309.1310.1311.1312.1313.1314.1315.1316.1317.1318.1319.1320.1321.1322.1323.1324.1325.1326.1327.1328.1329.1330.1331.1332.1333.1334.1335.1336.1337.1338.1339.1340.1341.1342.1343.1344.1345.1346.1347.1348.1349.1350.1351.1352.1353.1354.1355.1356.1357.1358.1359.1360.1361.1362.1363.1364.1365.1366.1367.1368.1369.1370.1371.1372.1373.1374.1375.1376.1377.1378.1379.1380.1381.1382.1383.1384.1385.1386.1387.1388.1389.1390.1391.1392.1393.1394.1395.1396.1397.1398.1399.1400.1401.1402.1403.1404.1405.1406.1407.1408.1409.1410.1411.1412.1413.1414.1415.1416.1417.1418.1419.1420.1421.1422.1423.1424.1425.1426.1427.1428.1429.1430.1431.1432.1433.1434.1435.1436.1437.1438.1439.1440.1441.1442.1443.1444.1445.1446.1447.1448.1449.1450.1451.1452.1453.1454.1455.1456.1457.1458.1459.1460.1461.1462.1463.1464.1465.1466.1467.1468.1469.1470.1471.1472.1473.1474.1475.1476.1477.1478.1479.1480.1481.1482.1483.1484.1485.1486.1487.1488.1489.1490.1491.1492.1493.1494.1495.1496.1497.1498.1499.1500.1501.1502.1503.1504.1505.1506.1507.1508.1509.1510.1511.1512.1513.1514.1515.1516.1517.1518.1519.1520.1521.1522.1523.1524.1525.1526.1527.1528.1529.1530.1531.1532.1533.1534.1535.1536.1537.1538.1539.1540.1541.1542.1543.1544.1545.1546.1547.1548.1549.1550.1551.1552.1553.1554.1555.1556.1557.1558.1559.1560.1561.1562.1563.1564.1565.1566.1567.1568.1569.1570.1571.1572.1573.1574.1575.1576.1577.1578.1579.1580.1581.1582.1583.1584.1585.1586.1587.1588.1589.1590.1591.1592.1593.1594.1595.1596.1597.1598.1599.1600.1601.1602.1603.1604.1605.1606.1607.1608.1609.1610.1611.1612.1613.1614.1615.1616.1617.1618.1619.1620.1621.1622.1623.1624.1625.1626.1627.1628.1629.1630.1631.1632.1633.1634.1635.1636.1637.1638.1639.1640.1641.1642.1643.1644.1645.1646.1647.1648.1649.1650.1651.1652.1653.1654.1655.1656.1657.1658.1659.1660.1661.1662.1663.1664.1665.1666.1667.1668.1669.1670.1671.1672.1673.1674.1675.1676.1677.1678.1679.1680.1681.1682.1683.1684.1685.1686.1687.1688.1689.1690.1691.1692.1693.1694.1695.1696.1697.1698.1699.1700.1701.1702.1703.1704.1705.1706.1707.1708.1709.1710.1711.1712.1713.1714.1715.1716.1717.1718.1719.1720.1721.1722.1723.1724.1725.1726.1727.1728.1729.1730.1731.1732.1733.1734.1735.1736.1737.1738.1739.1740.1741.1742.1743.1744.1745.1746.1747.1748.1749.1750.1751.1752.1753.1754.1755.1756.1757.1758.1759.1760.1761.1762.1763.1764.1765.1766.1767.1768.1769.1770.1771.1772.1773.1774.1775.1776.1777.1778.1779.1780.1781.1782.1783.1784.1785.1786.1787.1788.1789.1790.1791.1792.1793.1794.1795.1796.1797.1798.1799.1800.1801.1802.1803.1804.1805.1806.1807.1808.1809.1810.1811.1812.1813.1814.1815.1816.1817.1818.1819.1820.1821.1822.1823.1824.1825.1826.1827.1828.1829.1830.1831.1832.1833.1834.1835.1836.1837.1838.1839.1840.1841.1842.1843.1844.1845.1846.1847.1848.1849.1850.1851.1852.1853.1854.1855.1856.1857.1858.1859.1860.1861.1862.1863.1864.1865.1866.1867.1868.1869.1870.1871.1872.1873.1874.1875.1876.1877.1878.1879.1880.1881.1882.1883.1884.1885.1886.1887.1888.1889.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.1912.1913.1914.1915.1916.1917.1918.1919.1920.1921.1922.1923.1924.1925.1926.1927.1928.1929.1930.1931.1932.1933.1934.1935.1936.1937.1938.1939.1940.1941.1942.1943.1944.1945.1946.1947.1948.1949.1950.1951.1952.1953.1954.1955.1956.1957.1958.1959.1960.1961.1962.1963.1964.1965.1966.1967.1968.1969.1970.1971.1972.1973.1974.1975.1976.1977.1978.1979.1980.1981.1982.1983.1984.1985.1986.1987.1988.1989.1990.1991.1992.1993.1994.1995.1996.1997.1998.1999.2000.2001.2002.2003.2004.2005.2006.2007.2008.2009.2010.2011.2012.2013.2014.2015.2016.2017.2018.2019.2020.2021.2022.2023.2024.2025.2026.2027.2028.2029.2030.2031.2032.2033.2034.2035.2036.2037.2038.2039.2040.2041.2042.2043.2044.2045.2046.2047.2048.2049.2050.2051.2052.2053.2054.2055.2056.2057.2058.2059.2060.2061.2062.2063.2064.2065.2066.2067.2068.2069.2070.2071.2072.2073.2074.2075.2076.2077.2078.2079.2080.2081.2082.2083.2084.2085.2086.2087.2088.2089.2090.2091.2092.2093.2094.2095.2096.2097.2098.2099.2100.2101.2102.2103.2104.2105.2106.2107.2108.2109.2110.2111.2112.2113.2114.2115.2116.2117.2118.2119.2120.2121.2122.2123.2124.2125.2126.2127.2128.2129.2130.2131.2132.2133.2134.2135.2136.2137.2138.2139.2140.2141.2142.2143.2144.2145.2146.2147.2148.2149.2150.2151.2152.2153.2154.2155.2156.2157.2158.2159.2160.2161.2162.2163.2164.2165.2166.2167.2168.2169.2170.2171.2172.2173.2174.2175.2176.2177.2178.2179.2180.2181.
点击展开更多}