卢梭明确地表示，原始人才具有真正的道德，人类社会从古至今，是一个日益堕落的历史。由此，要享有与生俱来的&天赋权利&，就必须打破一切...
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Aryan birthright
人人生而具有天赋的权利。
People are born with natural rights.
我们应该尊重中国政府，但也应鼓励人民要求他们天赋的权利。
We should be respectful of the government of China but encourage the people to demand their God given rights.
其次他们论证了平民政府的作用即为确保“生命，自由和幸福”等上帝赐予的天赋权利。
Second, they argued that the role of civil government is to secure the rights of "life, liberty, and happiness, " with which God as Creator endowed all men.
Well, the Greeks had no concept of natural rights, or of rights that human beings were given by the gods.
当然,古希腊人没有自然权利,或者天赋人权的概念
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从天赋人权到人赋人权 &&康德权利话语的倒转意义与内在困境
哈尔滨理工大学马克思主义学院
From Natural Rights to Human Rights &&Inversion Significance and Inherent Predicament of Rights Discourse of Kant&
JIA& Li-Min
School of Marxism, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, HeilongJiang 150080
摘要&作为现代政治哲学的主要奠基人，康德的权利话语呈现出革命性与局限性的张力结构，这种结构不仅构成黑格尔、马克思力图超越康德而走向现实解放的批判起点，而且构成现代西方政治哲学囿于&人性&的苍蝇瓶却又不断撞击瓶体的逻辑基础。就革命性而言，康德认为天（自然）并不能为人的权利奠基，因为自然是与人的感觉、情欲相通的必然性的代名词，而人的本质却在于理性。理性不仅为自然而且为道德立法，作为自由存在者的人能够按照理性的形式确立起普遍道德法则，从而赋予人自己以权利。就局限性而言，康德的形而上学思维逻辑忽视了权利特别是政治权利的极度复杂性，从而在确立起人的主体地位的同时也将人抽象为无差别的一般理性，最终造成其权利话语无法克服的内在矛盾。
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Abstract：
The rights discourse of Kant, the main founder of modern political philosophy, shows a constant tension between a propensity for revolution and its limitations. This tension structure constitutes not only a starting point of critique from which Hegel and Marx tried to transcend Kant and realize liberation, but also the logic basis of modern Western political philosophy which is caught& in the fly?bottle of &humanity& and constantly tries to escape by banging against the side. On the revolutionary level, Kant claimd that Nature is not the foundation of human rights, because despite Nature?s inevitability links with human feelings and desires, the essence of human beings lies in their rationality. Therefore Kant concluded that rationality not only legislates the rules of Nature but also that of morality. As free beings, human beings establish universal moral rules in line with their rationality and in so dong give themselves rights.As far as its limitations are concerned, Kant?s metaphysical thinking ignored the high complexity of rights, especially that of political rights, as a consequence, it abstracted human beings into undifferentiated general rationality while establishing human subjectivity status, which ultimately led to the inextricable inherently contradictory predicament of rights discourse.
Keywords：
作者简介: 贾丽民：哲学博士，哈尔滨理工大学马克思主义学院副教授（黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080）
引用本文: &&
.从天赋人权到人赋人权 &&康德权利话语的倒转意义与内在困境[J]& 中国人民大学学报, ): 64-69
.From Natural Rights to Human Rights &&Inversion Significance and Inherent Predicament of Rights Discourse of Kant&[J]& Journal of Renmin University of China, ): 64-69
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