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Day Three, 10 June
By the morning of 10 June Einan’s 162 Ugda – supported by vicious attacks of IDF/AF fighter-bombers and attack helicopters - broke through the positions of the 51st Syrian Brigade at Ayn Dara, destroying a number of T-62 tanks in the process. In return, it was hit by several Gazelle- and attacks by SyAAF fighter-bombers between 07:15 and 08:30hrs, losing additional vehicles in the process. Namely, the SyAAF has sent a large number of Gazelles into “search and destroy” missions over Lebanon, as the Syrian army was unable to confirm location of enemy units due to a very fluid situation. The Gazelle-crews were thus roaming deep over the Beka’a Valley, searching for suitable targets. Several times they were successful, in other cases not: as by the time the IDF started deploying M-163 Vulcan self-propelled anti-aircraft guns with its forward mechanized units, their task became extremely dangerous. One of the Gazelles was indeed badly damaged by 20mm AAA after attacking a column of Israeli tanks and claiming four direct hits. The pilot was badly injured but flew his smoking SA.342 back to al-Mezzeh and laded it safely: he was immediately hospitalized and managed to recover only after emergency surgery.
第3天 ，6月10日
埃南的162师级战斗队，在以色列陆军和空军的战斗轰炸机和武装直升机猛烈攻击的支援下，突破了叙利亚军第51步兵旅在达拉泉的防御，在这一过程中摧毁了一定数量的T-62坦克，但在7:15至8：30分之间，受到了“小羚羊”和叙利亚空军的战斗轰炸机的攻击，损失了不少车辆，换句话说，叙利亚空军起飞了大批的“小羚羊”进入黎巴嫩执行搜索与摧毁的任务，出于叙军对于无法确定敌军位置的不明朗局势，“小羚羊”的乘员们驾驶飞机在贝卡谷地的深处游弋，搜索合适的目标。有时他们是成功的，其他情况下：当以军伴随前进的机械化纵队开始部署有M-163“火神”自行高炮后，它们的任务变得极其危险，一架“小羚羊”被以军装甲纵队随行的20mm“火神”自行高炮击中后严重受损，据称还有4架被击中。受重伤的飞行员驾驶它冒烟的飞机飞回了al-Mezzeh并安全着陆，他被立即送往医院，设法恢复后做了急诊手术。
The last in this series of attacks, executed around 09:00hrs near the Hill 1943, reportedly left a number of Israeli vehicles afire. Simultaneously, another Gazelle-attack was flown against the Task Force Vardi, in the area between Ayn Zhalta and Azzoniyeh, and two hours later Gazelles of the 977 Squadron attacked also a column of Israeli tanks moving from Barouch towards Ayn Zhalta. Eventually, Einan’s advance was stopped cold only few kilometres short of his objective: it remains unclear if this happened due to fierce Syrian counterattacks or because Einan was ordered to turn and attack towards east. Certainly, the IDF was interested in capturing at least a section of the Beirut-Damascus highway and thus splitting Syrian forces in Lebanon in two, as well as advancing into the rear of the 1st Armoured Division. There must have been a strong reason for them not to attempt doing this.
在这一系列的攻击之后，在9:00左右在1943高地附近执行任务，据报道，以色列留下了一定数目的着火车辆，其他的“小羚羊”攻击了vardi特遣队，在Ayn Zhalta 和Azzoniyeh之间的地区，两个小时之后，第977“小羚羊”中队也攻击了一队自Barouch向Ayn Zhalta移动的以色列坦克，埃南的推进停止在距离他的目标仅仅几千米的地方，仍然不清楚，是发生了叙利亚军队的激烈抵抗还是因为埃南决定转向向西攻击，当然，以军得兴趣在夺得贝鲁特-大马士革高速公路的至少一段，将在黎巴嫩的叙利亚军队分割为两部分，以及推进到叙利亚第1装甲师的后方，一定有重要的原因使他们不愿做这样的尝试。
Meanwhile, the 252 Ugda was moving as well, despite very difficult terrain and poor roads, and by the noon its leading elements were in full advance towards north. However, around 15:30hrs it was hit by an attack of SyAAF Gazelles while struck in a traffic jam near the Hill 1794, north of Shab’a. As the helicopters targeted one tank and APC after the other, firing their missiles outside the range of Israeli machine-guns, a chaos broke out. Syrians claimed seven M-113s and M-60s destroyed during this attack. Ignoring his difficult situation Ben Gal was pushing his units forward, reorganizing 252 Ugda for an advance by night.
与此同时，第252师级战斗队继续运动，尽管复杂的地形和较差的路况，到中午它的前锋，全面朝北推进，但在15:30它在1794高地附近的交通堵塞中被叙利亚空军的“小羚羊”一次攻击所打击，shab’a的北面，随着直升机针对一辆坦克和后面的装甲运兵车后，在以军机枪的射程外发射它们的导弹，一阵混乱之后，叙利亚声称7辆M-113s和M-60s在这次攻击中被摧毁。忽略了他的困难局面的本加尔督促他的部队前进，提前一夜重组了252师级战斗队。
To the right of the Ugda 252, after overruning vacated positions of the Syrian 91st Tank Brigade, the Task Force Peled reached Yanta, near the Syrian border, where it was stopped by the Syrian 21st Mechanized Brigade – the second element of the 1st Armoured Division that was still on march from Damascus. The leading elements of the 90 Ugda joined Peled after a fighting march through Beka’a Valley. Despite fierce air battles raging overhead, in the afternoon Yanta and the newly-set-up local Israeli HQs was hit by a tremendous attack by several waves of Syrian Sukhoi Su-22s, in which the IDF vize-Chief of Staff, Gen. Yekotai Adam, was killed as well (according to Israeli sources, Adam was killed by a Palestinian boy, using an RPG-7).
在第252师级战斗队的左翼，叙利亚军第91坦克旅的位置腾空之后，佩莱德特遣队搜索了在叙利亚边界附近的yanta，在那里它被叙利亚第21机械化旅所阻止—这是从大马士革行军赶来的第1装甲师的第2个旅，加入佩莱德特遣队的第90师级战斗队的先头在一场行进中的战斗之后穿过了贝卡谷地，尽管激烈的空战在天空进行，在下午yanta,新建立的以军指挥部被叙利亚空军的苏霍伊苏-22战斗轰炸机的几波猛烈的攻击所击中，当时以军总参谋长维泽、将军雅各达.亚当也被打死（以色列方面的记录，亚当被一名巴勒斯坦少年使用RPG-7火箭筒击毙）
Gazelles followed in the wake of the fighter-bombers, hitting a number of M-60s and M-113s along the road from Ayn Ata to Rashayya. Given that this communication is running parallel to the Syrian border and only few kilometres away from it, the SyAAF now had it very easy to deploy an increasing number of attack helicopters. 12 Israeli tanks were reportedly hit during this attack alone and a number of other vehicles was destroyed as well.
“小羚羊”在战斗轰炸机的轰鸣声中跟进，在Ayn Ata 至 Rashayya的沿途道路上击中了一些m-60s坦克和m-113装甲车，鉴于以军这种通讯情况是并行的，并且距离叙利亚边界仅有几千米，叙利亚空军掌握了它非常容易去部署增加一定数目的武装直升机，据报12辆以军坦克被击中，还有一定数目的车辆被摧毁。
Clearly, until today the Israelis deny any such Syrian strikes, and none of their sources mentions large tank battles in the area south and south-east of Lake Karoun: according to their reports issued to Pentagon their whole force in Lebanon suffered only four injured troops on that day. However, the following comment from an IDF/AF F-16-pilot who scored the only kill against a Syrian Su-22 of that war, on 11 June 1982, is clearly indicating what must have happened at Yanta:
- Of all the four kills I made, downing the Su-22 gave me the greatest satisfaction because I saw the horrendous results of a Sukhoi attack on our ground forces a day earlier.
很明显，直到今日以色列否认某些叙利亚的打击，它们的来源无一提到在卡鲁恩湖南面和西南面的区域的大规模的坦克战：它们提交给五角大楼的报告记录中，它们的整个部队在当天在黎巴嫩仅仅有四名士兵受伤，但是，来自以色列F-16战斗机飞行员的之后评论---整个战争期间只有击落一架苏-22的成绩，在日，清楚的说明在yanta肯定发生了：我制造了全部4个损失，坠落的苏-22给我很强的通讯，因为我看见过骇人听闻的结果，那天早些时候，一架苏-22攻击了我们的特遣队。
Another Gazelle-raid then hit the Peled’s Special Manoeuvre Force on the road from Ayn Ata to Rashayya. These attacks bought sufficient time for the Syrians not only to pull back the survivors from the 10th Armoured Division back behind the border, but also to deploy reinforcements in anti-tank commandos by Mi-8 helicopters into the Ghazzah area: despite the supposed “total” IDF/AF air superiority, not a single of at least a dozen of involved SyAAF helicopter was detected by the Israelis. Nevertheless, the SyAAF did lose a Mi-8 to Israeli anti-aircraft fire during another operation.
另一些“小羚羊”空袭，在在Ayn Ata 至 Rashayya的沿途道路上袭击佩莱德特遣队，这些攻击带来了足够的时间不仅使得叙利亚第10装甲师的幸存者回到边界的后方，而且也将由米-8运输的反坦克突击队进入Ghazzah地区以增强防御。尽管假定以军的空中优势，但参与的叙利亚至少一打的直升机没有一架被以色列发现，不过，在另一次行动中一架叙利亚米-8直升机被以色列防空炮火击落。
The Syrian air strikes and fierce artillery attacks against all known forward Israeli headquarters, as well as a fluid situation in Lebanon now obviously resulted in a critical mistake of the Israeli leadership. The situation on the battlefield was far from clear, then the two opponents were deeply wedged into each other. But, at least the IDF/AF should have been in possession of air superiority, enabling Israeli reconnaissance assets to find the enemy and track the Syrians down. Strangely enough, this was obviously not the case. The Israelis either completely failed to notice or misunderstood that the Syrians were reorganizing their units after the battering experienced by their 10th Armoured Division. This elements of this unit that were originally surrounded south of the Lake Karoun were pulled out of Lebanon, regroupped and - as already mentioned - later re-equipped with T-55 tanks. The rest of this division pulled back towards the north. Simultaneously, two armoured brigades of the 3rd Armoured Division were moved towards south from the Beirut-Damascus road, with intention of closing the gap that came into being through the collapse of 10th Armoured Division's front south of them. The 1st Armoured Division, equipped with T-72s and still fresh despite the fighting along the border, was then to enter Lebanon along the Beirut-Damascus road and replace the 3rd. The Syrians were therefore not falling back, just replacing their units: however, the IDF considered the movement of the 1st Armoured Division towards north for a general withdrawal. Consequently, the Israelis immediately pushed their units into “pursuit” towards north. The IDF was to pay a high price for this mistake.
叙利亚的空中打击和猛烈的炮火朝位置已知的以军指挥部攻击，而在黎巴嫩一个不确定的情况，以军指挥部犯了一个关键的错误，虽然战场的情况不确定，交战双方犬牙交错，但是至少以军拥有空中优势，可以启用以军的侦察资料去发现敌军和打击叙利亚人，很奇怪的是，事实并非如此，以军完全忽略或者误判了重组的叙利亚第10装甲师的战斗经验，这支原本一部被包围在卡鲁恩湖南侧的撤出黎巴嫩后，重新组织，前面已经提到它重新装备了T-55s坦克，该师的其余朝北拉回，同时，叙利亚第3装甲师的2个装甲旅沿贝鲁特-大马士革公路朝南运动，它们意图封闭因为叙利亚第10装甲师南面阵地的崩溃而造成的缺口，第1装甲师装备T-72s坦克，刚刚沿边界进行了战斗，尔后它们沿贝鲁特-大马士革公路进入黎巴嫩，接替第3装甲师，叙军因此不用后撤，刚刚重组的部队，以军研究认为第1装甲师朝南的运动只是一般的后撤，因此，以军马上调动它的部队朝南追赶，以军因为这个错误付出了高昂的代价。
Chaos of &Sultan Yacoub&: 11 June
On the evening of 10 June, Ben Gal once again rushed his troops forward. To the north of them was an area known as well-fortified by the Syrians. Nevertheless, the Israelis considered their opposition as weak: only two commando battalions of 250 men each, and few tanks was what – at least in theory – was standing between them and the Beirut-Damascus road in this part of Lebanon. “In theory”, then the Israelis were already informed about deployment of a strong Syrian mechanized force along the strategic highway, from east towards West. Obviously, the IDF HQs concluded that the Syrians were rather preparing for a “last-ditch” counterattack, then bringing serious reinforcements to the frontlines.
“苏坦 亚库布”的混乱：6月11日
在6月10日清晨，本.加尔再一次命令他的部队前进，目标是他们北面一个被叙利亚加强的区域，不过，以军认为他们抵抗不强：仅有每营250人的2个突击营，和一些坦克---至少在理论上---挡在他们与黎巴嫩境内的贝鲁特-大马士革公路之间，“在理论上”，后来以军已经得知一支强大的叙利亚装甲部队沿战略高速公路部署，由东朝西，显然，以军指挥部断定叙军在为“最后一搏”的反击而准备，于是认真的向前线增援。
The task of leading this final advance fell on 90 U a unit that was previously successful in fighting the Syrian 91st Armoured Brigade, and destroying no less but 35 Syrian tanks in exchange for five own losses. Commander of the 90 Ugda, Brig.Gen. Giora Leo, received the corresponding order around 19:00hrs. Several hours later, its 362 Battalion, equipped with M48A-3 Magach-3 tanks, drove through the village of as-Sultan Yac'ub at Tanta – only to receive strong fire of all calibres and have its leading element cut off deep inside the Syrian positions.
主导这一关键推进的任务落在第90师级战斗群的身上：一支早先成功战胜叙军第91装甲旅的部队，在战斗交换中摧毁不少于35辆叙利亚坦克，自身损失5辆，90师级战斗群的指挥官是本.加尔.格拉.雷恩，在19:00收到相应的指令。晚了几个小时，它的第362战斗群，装备M-48A3马加奇3坦克，在坦他行进穿过as-Sultan Yac'ub村，仅遇到各种口径的重火器射击，其先头部队深深切入叙军阵地内部。
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By 01:30hrs in the morning of 11 June the trapped Israeli battalion was in a state of chaos, blocked in a narrow valley on the end of which was another village, drawing heavy direct- and artillery-fire from several sides. It was not until 04:00hrs that the situation slowly improved, although during the permanent contact with Syrians around it the unit lost several tanks and a number of crewmembers. Several Syrian Army anti-tank teams participated in this battle, attacking from very short ranges with RPGs, as well as Milan ATGMs. Early in the morning the Israelis were also strafed by two MiG-21s, but these dropped no bombs due to close proximity of their own troops. Eventually, the IDF was unable to mount a large-scale operation in time to recover the the 90 and the nearby 880 Ugdas - deployed to Lebanon only a day earlier - were busy attempting to prevent the 3rd Syrian Armoured Division's attempt to advance towards the south, and preven the 1st Armoured Division from deploying along the Beirut-Damascus road towards west.
6月11日清晨1:30分，被困的以色列营处于混乱状态中，在最后被封锁在一条狭窄山谷的末端的另一个村庄面前，引出来自侧面的重要指向和炮火，直到4：00情况慢慢好转，虽然期间保持通畅的联系，因为叙利亚的包围而损失了几辆坦克和一些成员，几个叙军反坦克小分队在战斗中参战，袭击来自近距离的RPGs，同时还有“米兰”反坦克导弹。在早晨以军也受到了2架米格-21来自低空的扫射，但这些投下的炸弹没有靠近他的部队，最后，以军不能按时设置一个大幅度运转换取营队的战斗序列，第90和附近的第880师级战斗队，在黎巴嫩仅仅在当天早晨才部署，试图预防叙利亚第3装甲师朝南前进的企图，以及预防叙利亚第1装甲师沿贝鲁特-大马士革高速公路西面的布防。
Eventually, what was left of the 362 Battalion had to dash for Israeli lines in the course of the morning, with massive artillery support, but leaving some eight destroyed or abandoned M-48s behind.
最后，第362战斗营的左翼因为早晨以色列的直线路线被猛烈冲击，伴随强有力的炮火支援，但是，丢下8辆被摧毁或在后面掉队的m-48s。
There was a sense of urgency in extracting the remnants of the 362 Battalion from behind the Syrian lines, then meanwhile the final Israeli push towards north was in full swing, while the Syrian 1st Armoured was deploying along the highway from the border towards Beirut. Besides, the Israeli and Syrian governments agreed to a ceasefire, to start at noon of 11 June, and now both sides were in a rush to grab as much as they could.
这样一个紧急的判断在拉出叙利亚防线间的第362战斗营的残余，然后最终决定性的以军在完全的回转中推进朝北，当叙利亚第1装甲师沿着从边界朝贝鲁特的高速路部署时，以色列和叙利亚政府同意一次停火，自6月11日中午生效，现在两方在一次仓促中去抢夺他们尽可能多的东西。
Final clashes occurred in two sectors. Early in the morning, the 81st Syrian Armoured Brigade, equipped with T-72 tanks, reached Shtawrah - where a forward repair shop was set - and then turned south along two parallel roads – driving directly into positions of the 409 Israeli Anti-Tank battalion (originally part of the Task Force Peled), and M-60s of the 767 Armoured Brigade. The Syrian tankers, emboldened by their first success from 9th of June, advanced without careful reconnaissance of the area in front of them. In a short but sharp clash that occurred in the late morning, the Israelis hit 12 T-72s with TOWs, forcing the Syrian brigade to pull back to Beirut-Damascus highway. This vital communication, however, remained in Syrian hands: in fact, the Syrians also claimed up to ten M-60s destroyed during this battle while collecting their destroyed and badly damaged T-72s back in Shtawrah.
最后的冲突发生在两部分，在黎明时分，叙利亚第81装甲旅，装备T-72坦克，搜索shtawrah—一个在建的修理店—然后转南面沿着两条平行路线行驶马上进入以色列第409反坦克营（来自佩莱德特遣队组成）和装备M-60s的767装甲旅的位置，叙利亚的坦克，受到他们6月9日一次成功攻击的鼓励，前进中没有仔细侦察它们正前方的区域，在深夜一次短暂而又激烈的冲突中，以色列以“陶”式反坦克导弹击中了12辆T-72，迫使叙军拉回贝鲁特-大马士革高速路，这是重大的讯息，然而，仍然没有在叙利亚传递：实际上，叙利亚也声称10辆M-60s在这次战斗中被摧毁，当时他们损毁和受伤的T-72s回到shatawrah.
Meanwhile, in the Beka’a Valley 7th Armoured Brigade of Eitan’s 162 Ugda engaged T-62s of the 58th Syrian Brigade due south of Jub Jnin: in exchange for two destroyed Merkavas, the Israelis knocked out at least a dozen of T-62s. The Syrians claimed destruction of 21 to 30 Israeli armoured vehicles during this battle - which culminated shortly before noon, with attacks of attack helicopters from both sides. Israeli AH-1s and MD.500 Defenders claimed destruction of 15 T-62s and few T-72s near Zahla. However, they encountered fierce anti-aircraft fire and were not able to execute their attacks as expected. One of Defenders was badly damaged by explosion of a shell nearby, so that it crashed on the ground in front of Syrian positions: the navigator was heavily injured but the pilot pulled him out of wreckage and both were recoered by an AB.212. Another Defender was apparently lost to anti-aircraft fire from Israeli armoured units after being misidentified as a Syrian Gazelle: obviously, after previous experiences with SA.432s the Israeli gunners were exceptionally nervous by the time. In return, the Merkavas of the 7th Israeli Brigade shot down at least one Gazelle using their 105mm cannons, and another Syrian SA.342 should have been shot down by a long-range TOW-shot from an Israeli Cobra helicopter.
当然最主要的，在贝卡谷地的埃南的162师级战斗队的第7装甲旅遇上了在jub jnin以南的叙利亚第58旅，在被摧毁了2辆“梅卡瓦”之后，以军击毁了至少一打的T-62s,叙利亚声称在这场战斗在中午之前的短暂激战中摧毁了21-30辆以色列装甲车辆，同时双方的武装直升机也参与了进攻，以色列的AH-1s和md.500“卫士”声称摧毁了扎赫勒附近的15辆T-62s和几辆T-72s，可是，他们遇到了猛烈的防空炮火，不能执行他们预期的攻击任务，一架“卫士”被附近一阵防空炮火的轰击严重损坏，使得他坠毁在叙利亚阵地前方的地面上：领航员严重受伤，但飞行员将其拉出飞机残骸，两人都被AB-212营救，另一架“卫士”的损失显然被以色列装甲部队的防空炮火误当做一架叙利亚的“小羚羊”：显然，有了以往与“小羚羊”的经验后，以色列炮手到时候异常紧张，作为回报，以色列第7装甲旅的“梅卡瓦”用105mm主炮击落了至少一架“小羚羊”，另一架“小羚羊”应该是被以军“眼镜蛇”武装直升机用一枚远程发射的“陶”式导弹击落。
How fierce and bitter the fighting on the group was shows the fact that - according to contemporary reports in Israeli press - in the fierce fighting of this day a single Israeli Brigade suffered a loss of 18 KIA - including its commander, Col. Avigdor Shriper - 87 injured, and 22 tanks destroyed.
显露怎样在团队中进行激烈和严酷的战斗的事实，根据以色列现代的新闻报告，在这一天的激烈战斗中，一个以色列旅遭受了18人阵亡的损失—包括它的指挥官vigdor Shriper上校，87人受伤，22辆坦克损毁。
Mixed Results
Despite the ceasefire, the fighting was to resume several days later: in fact, by the end of 1982 there were to be no less but eleven additional ceasefires agreed between the Israelis and Syrians.
尽管停火了，战斗却又在几天后恢复：事实上，直到1982年末，以色列和叙利亚之间达成了不少于十一次停火协定.
Bean-counting began already on the afternoon of 11 June, of course. On a press conference in early July 1982, the representants of the Syrian Ministry of Defence stated that SA hunter-killer AT-teams destroyed 23 Israeli tanks during the first three days of fighting (between 8 and 11 June) for only minor losses to themselves (overall, the Syrians claimed destruction of “more than 120 Israeli tanks, APCs and mine-clearing vehicles by their ATGMs by the time). Subsequent studies proved that Syrian &hunter-killer& teams in fact hit a total of some 60 Israeli M-60s and Merkavas. However, no less but half of these remained operational, while only few of the others were completely destroyed (some sources state that SA anti-tank teams destroyed only two IDF tanks). As well-known, the Merkavas were heavily armoured and had very good anti-detonation as well as fire-protection equipment, while M-60s, M-48s and Centurions were heavily protected by explosive-reactive-armour (ERA). Although the IDF subsequently concluded that the ERA on their tanks needed improvement, and that at least two Merkavas were indeed destroyed by Syrian anti-tank teams (the IDF lost a total of seven Merkava Mk.1s written-off during this war), it is obvious that these tanks were extremely problematic opponents. The situation with M-113s was less satisfactory: these APCs apparently suffered such losses in the first few days of the war, that by the time the IDF reached Beirut the Israelis were doing their best to avoid deploying them in combat first of all. The Israeli infantry therefore marched beside its APCs for the best part of their way into Lebanon.
统计开始已经在6月11日下午，当然，在1982年6月初的一次记者招待会上，叙利亚外交部和国防部的声明的描述中，叙利亚空军猎杀者和地面反坦克部队在头三天的战斗中（6月8日至11日）共摧毁以军坦克23辆，自身只有轻微的损失（总体上，叙利亚声明摧毁“超过120辆坦克、装甲运兵车和扫雷车在这段时间被叙军的反坦克导弹摧毁）随后研究证明叙利亚“猎杀者”分队实际击中以军60辆M-60s和“梅卡瓦”坦克，可是，他们中不少于大约一半仍能使用，而其他的仅有几辆被完全摧毁。（有消息称叙利亚反坦克部队仅摧毁2辆以军坦克），众所周知，“梅卡瓦”是重装，有非常好的抑爆以及防火装备。而“百夫长”、m-60s和m-48s被爆炸式反应装甲（era）严密保护，虽然以军后来断定他们的era需要改善，至少2辆“梅卡瓦”被叙利亚反坦克部队摧毁，（以军在战争期间总共损失7辆“梅卡瓦”1）很明显，这些坦克是很厉害的对手，M-113装甲车的情况则不令人满意，这些装甲运兵车在战争的头几天很容易遭受损失。在那段时间，以军到达贝鲁特后，最大程度的避免在战斗第一线部署它们。因此以色列步兵在进军黎巴嫩的道路上最大限度的在装甲运兵车旁边做行游式的行军。
Nevertheless, the fact was also that the Israelis were swift to adapt tactics of their mechanised formations against Syrian AT-teams. They would use 20mm M-163 Vulcan guns to spray their possible positions and TOW-missiles to hit them precisely – usually with deadly results. To counter such weapons the Syrians preferred fighting at shorter range and using lighter anti-tank weapons. This forced the Israelis to deploy their commandos in order to tackle the Syrian anti-tank snipers: much more often than expected the Syrians had the unpleasant experience of being hunted instead of hunting. The resulting clashes were extremely bitter and brutal. This is at best illustrated by the fact that only between 10 and 15% of Syrian anti-tank hunters survived this war. Very few were captured alive, including only one officer: 1st Lt. Mehdi fell into Israeli hands in a badly injured condition, but defied all the IDF efforts to break his spirit before being returned to Syria. As Captain he was later to fight against the Iraqis, in 1991, together with US forces.
不过，事实上以军迅速适应它们的机械化编队反击叙利亚反坦克部队的战术，它们会使用20mm“火神”高炮扫射可疑目标，用“陶”式导弹准确打击它们---通常是致命的结果。对付这种武器叙利亚首选是在近距离使用轻型反坦克武器的白刃战，这迫使以军部署它们的突击队去对付叙利亚反坦克狙击手：叙利亚人有比预期更多的被猎杀而非狩猎的不愉快经历。战斗的结果非常痛苦和残酷，最好的证明是这场战争中仅有10%-15%的叙利亚反坦克小组在战争中幸存，很少被俘获：其中只有一名成员：一位名叫迈赫迪的中尉在身负重伤的情况下落入以军手中，但他在回到叙利亚之前却挫败了以色列所有摧垮他的精神的努力。作为队长，他在1991年他与美军一起参加了反对伊拉克的战争。
Despite immense problems, quite a few surprises, and losses, the Israelis were eventually satisfied with results of the conventional part of the war in Lebanon: in four days of battles they claimed destruction of 81 Syrian tanks, and capturing 41 (mainly T-62s), losing only eight M-48s and two Merkavas in return. Supposedly, one of destroyed Merkavas was subsequently salvaged and repaired. Pictorial evidence exists for a number of additional M-60s being destroyed as well, while the losses of M-113s were obviously so heavy that they were not deployed in forward lines until much later, when most were equipped with additional protection against anti-tank missiles.
尽管有很大的问题，不少的惊喜和损失，以色列最终对黎巴嫩常规战部分中成果感到满意，在4天的战斗中，他们声称摧毁了81辆叙利亚坦克，俘获41辆（主要是T-62s）,回报是仅仅损失了8辆m-48s和2辆“梅卡瓦”，据说，一辆被摧毁的“梅卡瓦”随后被回收和修理，以及在画报上的一个额外数目的被摧毁的m-60s的证据，而m-113s的损失明显很重，直到很久以后都不能部署到前线，且大部分增强防护抵御反坦克导弹。
The Syrians were not entirely satsified, even if their local commanders showed great initiative and tactical skill on the battlefied, proving that the additional training and decentralization of the command system of the SA were proper decisions. The main problem of the SA was that some of its larger units failed to fully exploit the poor situation of several Israeli units: there was a number of situations in which Syrian brigades and battalions stopped and started digging-in instead of advancing towards south where they could establish better defensive positions. Consequently, they did not manage to deploy the 3rd Armoured into the old positions of the 10th Armoured Division. Nevertheless, they fought with vigour and ferocity surpassing anything seen before from a Syrian soldier, and eventually stopped the Israeli advance. In fact, the IDF failed to reach its objectives in the Beka'a Valley as by the ceasefire on 11 June the Syrians still held the Beirut-Damascus highway after fighting an opponent that was superior in numbers and quality: the IDF deployed an equivalent of five divisions with something like 1.000 tanks against only something like two Syrian.
叙利亚人不完全满意，即使他们现场的指挥员显露出了不起的主动性，和在战火中的战术技巧，以证明叙利亚空军正确的安排了加强训练和权力下放的指挥系统，叙利亚空军的主要问题是它的大机群未能充分利用几支以军的困境：在叙利亚旅和突击队停止前进并开始深挖的情况下，反而朝南前进，那里他们能够建立更好的防御阵地。因此，他们不能调动部署第3装甲师进入第10装甲师的旧有阵地，不过，它们凶猛灵活的战斗超越了一名叙利亚士兵以往所见。最终阻止了以军的前进，事实上，以色列抵达它在贝卡谷地目标的努力失败了，在6月11日停火的时候，叙利亚在与一个数量和质量都占优势对手激战之后仍然保有贝鲁特-大马士革高速公路，以军调动相当于5个师的兵力，以及相当于叙利亚2倍的大约1000辆坦克。
The SyAAF, of course, came away in a very bad shape, losing between 85 and 87 fighters and 24 or 27 pilots (Syrian sources differ on this issue) in air battles and to Israeli ground defences between 6 June and 8 July 1982. Yet, the Syrians were proud with performance of their attack helicopter- and fighter-bomber-crews. Although flying well over 150 attack sorties, only two Gazelles were shot down by the Israelis (both crews were killed). Two other examples were badly damaged during the fighting and subsequently captured by the Israelis: one of these was rebuilt and test-flown in Israel (for comparison, the IDF/AF lost only one Defender). At least an additional SA.342 was badly damaged but flown back to Syria. In exchange the SyAAF claimed destruction of 95 ground targets by Gazelles, including 71 tanks, five APCs, three trucks, two artillery pieces, nine M-151 jeeps, and five tanker trucks. While these figures are usually considered as exaggerated, a closer examination of all known reports about IDF losses as published in the Israeli media, shows that the Israelis very likely did lose as many tanks, and certainly many more APCs and other vehicles. Besides, one should not forget that attack helicopters are considered extremely effective by most armies of the world, and that this fact was proved not only in a number of exercises, but also in several wars.
当然，叙利亚空军在一个情形很糟时刻离开，损失了85-87架战斗机和24-27名飞行员，（叙利亚的损失由不同的说法）但在空战和对以军地面攻击的日至8日，叙利亚武装直升机和战斗轰炸机乘员的表现令人骄傲，出动超过150架次，仅有2架“小羚羊”被击落（机组人员全部丧生），2架“小羚羊”因严重受损被以色列俘获，其中一架被以色列修复并测试，（作为对照，以色列仅损失了一架“卫士”）至少还有其他一些“小羚羊”严重受损但飞回叙利亚降落，作为交换，叙利亚空军声称“小羚羊”摧毁95个地面目标，包括71辆坦克，5辆装甲运兵车，3辆卡车，2门大炮，9辆m-151吉普，5辆油罐车，当然，这些数字通常视为夸大，仔细观察以色列媒体所有出版的有关以军损失的报告，透露出以色列很可能失去了很多坦克，和肯定更多的装甲运兵车和其他车辆，另外，一个不应忘记的事实是，武装直升机被世界大多数军队认为非常有效的，这个事实不仅被很多演习，而且也被几场战争所证明。
Overall it is sure that the Syrian Gazelles proved their worth during this war beyond any doubt. When they were pulled from the battlefield, in the wake of the cease-fire from 11 June, the SA.342s were badly missed by remaining Syrian troops in Lebanon. For the rest of that war the Syrian Army's anti-tank teams had to fight alone.
总而言之，叙利亚的“小羚羊”在战争中毫无疑问的证明了它们的价值，当它们在战地起降时，在6月11日的停战中停止行动，“小羚羊”与叙利亚其他在黎巴嫩的军队失之交臂，因为停战，叙利亚的反坦克部队不得不孤军奋战。
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Aérospatiale SA.342 Gazelle was the main anti-tank weapon of the Syrian Air Force in this war. The three units equipped with the type flew slightly over 100 combat sorties during four days of battles between the Syrians and Israelis, in June 1982. Their crews claimed well over 30 kills against Israeli tanks and additional hits on a number of other vehicles. In exchange the SyAAF Gazelles suffered a loss of five helicopters. (Artwork by Tom Cooper)
在战争中，法国宇航制造的SA.342“小羚羊”时叙利亚空军在战争中的主要反坦克武器，在战争的4天中3个中队的“小羚羊”在以色列和叙利亚之间飞行超过100架次，在1982年6月，它们的乘员声称击毁了超过30辆以军坦克还打击了一定数目其他车辆，作为交换，叙利亚空军损失了4架SA.342“小羚羊”
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Syrian Army anti-tank team seen displaying its main weapons: RPG-7s. (US DoD via Tom Cooper)
叙利亚反坦克部队展示他们的主要的反坦克武器：苏制RPG-7s反坦克火箭筒。
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bandoned Syrian T-62 MBT as found in southern Lebanon. The T-62 proved well during fierce battles with Israelis, although the 76th and 91st Tank Brigades suffered a loss of something like 60 tanks of this type. In return the T-62s scored at least two confirmed kills against Merkavas. (ACIG.org archive)
在南黎巴嫩被发现的叙利亚t-62主战坦克，t-62在与以军激战期间被证明良好，虽然叙利亚第76和91坦克旅遭受了大约60辆t-62的损失，t-62回报得分至少两次确认击毁“梅卡瓦”。
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Advancing along narrow roads in long columns, as seen here, forward Israeli units were easy target of Syrian (and Palestinian) ambushes. The Syrians combined effectivelly the ambushes set by their commandos with helicopter attacks, apparently with considerable success. (ACIG.org archives)
以军长列纵队沿狭窄道路前进，由此可见，以军部队容易成为伏击的目标，叙利亚军有效结合目标设置，凭借他们的突击队与直升机攻击，显然很成功。
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he ER-armour of Magach 6 was effective against anti-tank missiles and rocket-propelled grenades used by the Syrians, but not yet perfect. This Magach was one of two confirmed victims of Syrian Army anti-tank teams during the fighting in June 1982. (US DoD via Tom Cooper)
这辆装备反应装甲的“马加奇”6被叙利亚使用反坦克导弹和火箭助推榴弹攻击，但仍不完善，这辆“马加奇”是1982年6月战争期间被叙利亚反坦克部队击毁的2辆中的1辆
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SyAAF MiG-23BNs flew over 100 combat sorties between 8 and 11 June 1982, repeatedly hitting advancing Israeli units. However, usually being deployed in the first attack wave they suffered heavy losses to Israeli F-15s and F-16s. (via Yaser al-Abed)
叙利亚米格-23BN在6月8日至11日之间战斗飞行超过100架次，反复攻击以军地面部队，但由于通常安排在第一波攻击，它们因为以军F-15和F-16的攻击遭受严重的损失。
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本帖最后由 mp586 于
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What the Syrians were facing: against an equivalent of two Syrian, the Israelis deployed at least five divisions in Lebanon, equipped with some of best protected armour of their time. However, narrow communications and difficult terrain frequently caused tremendous traffic jams along the routes of Israeli advance. Whenever the Syrians detected such points they would send a flight of SA.342 Gazelles to attack: the Israelis deny suffering heavier losses, but some sources clearly indicate the horror of attacks from Syrian helicopters experienced by IDF troops. (US DoD via Tom Cooper)
叙利亚军面对：相当叙利亚军的2倍，以军在叙利亚至少投入了5个师，其中一部分配备它们当时最好的保护装甲，糟糕的通信状况和复杂的地形，使得以军前进的沿线造成了巨大的交通拥堵，每当叙利亚军发现这样的弱点，它们就派出一队“小羚羊”前去攻击，以色列否认遭受严重损失，但一些来自叙利亚直升机的经历来源清楚的表明以军被袭的恐怖。
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SyAAF MiG-23BN seen while pulling up from low-level attack. The type proved capable of moving considerable combat loads at high speed and low level, but suffered during the war in 1982 from the lack of advanced self-protection equipment like RWRs and ECM-systems. At least seven were shot down by Israeli F-15s and F-16s, and at least one by MIM-23B I-HAWKs of the Israeli Air Force. (via Yaser al-Abed)
叙利亚空军米格-23BN低空攻击时拉高，这证明它在低空高速情况下大载弹量的能力，在1982年战争期间遭受损失，是由于它缺乏高级的自我保护装备如RWRS和电子战装备，至少7架被以军F-15和F-16击落，至少有1架被以军“霍克”防空导弹击落。
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Members of a Syrian Army anti-tank team taking rest between two engagements with Israelis, somewhere in central Lebanon. (US DoD via Tom Cooper)
叙军反坦克部队成员在战斗间隙休息，地点在黎巴嫩中部。&&
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Syrian troops parade one of captured Israeli M-48 down the streets of a city in Lebanon. (via A.A.)
叙利亚军队驾驶缴获的以色列M-48坦克沿着黎巴嫩一城市的街道行游。&&
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During the battle of Sultan Yacoub the Syrians destroyed or captured at least eight Israeli M-48A-3s converted to Magach 3 configuration by addition of ERA. This M-48 is one of former mounts of the 362 Battalion IDF and today displayed at the Teshren Panorama Museum, in Damascus - still in excellent condition, and complete with all markings. (Photo by Tom Cooper)
在Sultan Yacoub战役期间，叙利亚摧毁或者俘获了至少8辆以色列M-48A-3s改装的配置反应装甲的“马加奇3”，这辆M-48是以色列第362营以前的坐骑之一，今天陈列在teshren综合博物馆，在大马士革，仍然处于良好的状态，所有的标志完整。
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Although the Israelis claimed possession of air superiority over Lebanon since afternoon of 9 June 1982, the SyAAF continued dispatching ever larger formations of fighter-bombers to attack advancing Israeli units. MiG-21s mainly acted as close escort for MiG-23BN and Su-20/22 fighter-bombers, but were several times also deployed in air-to-ground role - air-to-ground role,
like on the morning of 11 June when two straffed the trapped elements of the 362 Tank Battalion IDF. (Artwork by Tom Cooper)
虽然以色列声称自日下午获得了黎巴嫩全部的制空权，叙利亚空军继续派遣大的战斗轰炸机编队去攻击前进的以军部队，米格-21主要担任米格-23和苏-20/22战斗轰炸机的护航，但有些时候也担负空地攻击的角色，像6月11日的清晨，当时被困以军第362坦克营的部队两次遭受米格-21的袭击。
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Syrian anti-tank teams successfully deployed French-made Milan ATGMs during the war in Lebanon as well. The effectiveness of this weapon in combat against well-protected Israeli armour remains unknown. (US DoD via Tom Cooper)
叙利亚反坦克部队在黎巴嫩战争期间成功部署法制“米兰”反坦克导弹，这种武器在战斗中攻击受到良好保护的以军装甲的成效仍然不明。
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Another victim of Syrian anti-tank teams was this Merkava Mk.1, destroyed in Beirut, in early summer 1982 by an RPG. The Israelis subsequently mounted a local counterattack and recovered the wreckage. (ACIG.org archives)
这辆部署在贝鲁特的“梅卡瓦”mk.1是另一个叙利亚反坦克部队的“受害者”，在1982年6月初被一枚RPG击毁，以军随后展开一次小反击并回收了残骸。
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几乎被遗忘的历史，谢LZ编写
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怎么没人理这个贴呢，18l的那辆merkava应该是从后面被攻击的
另外concord系列的 armour at war系列出版了不少第五次中东战争的专辑，但似乎都没有关注小羚羊的作用效果，话说，小羚羊只能载4枚霍特，在这场战斗中有没有表现出弹药携带量不足的窘境。我很纳闷，小羚羊似乎不常使用其他武器配备，那么在数量有限，弹药有限，一次挂弹量也有限的情况下，是如何大量摧毁以色列目标的
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头像被屏蔽
好贴，谢谢
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以色列的战报估计和小鬼子有的一拼
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非常好的资料
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原文链接：
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SC论坛可惜了。。。。。。。。。
另外，虽然这篇文章肯定有水，但也说明以色列也不是赢得过于轻松嘛。。。。。。
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zhouhaiyang 发表于
怎么没人理这个贴呢，18l的那辆merkava应该是从后面被攻击的
另外concord系列的 armour at war系列出版了 ...
唯一能解释的，估计只有频繁的出动率了。
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作为回报，以色列第7装甲旅的“梅卡瓦”用105mm主炮击落了至少一架“小羚羊”，另一架“小羚羊”应该是被以军“眼镜蛇”武装直升机用一枚远程发射的“陶”式导弹击落。
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实际上叙利亚作为一个合格的军队而言，82年是配得上这么一个称号的。但是仅仅合格是无法战胜一个无论物质还是精神都比自己更强的以色列。
不过叙利亚也确实用自己的合格让以色列并不是那么轻松的扩大战果。
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