英汉地球物理学名词（一）
英汉地球物理学名词，算是比较全的。太多找起来麻烦，用个小技巧：按下Ctrl+F，在对话框中输入要查询的单词，按“下一个”即可。本想一次性全发完，但是新浪博客限制每篇博文字数不超过20000汉字，所以只能分篇了。
20°间断||20°&
震中距20°附近，地震体波走时曲线梯度的突然变化。
AE 指数||auroral electrojet index, AE index
Ap 指数||Ap index
C 指数||C index
C9 指数||C9 index
Ci 指数||Ci index
Dst 指数||Dst index
K 指数||K index
K[精度]参数||K [precision] parameter
Kp 指数||Kp index
MST雷达||MST& 对流层、平流层、中层大气探测雷达。
SOFAR声道||sound fixing and ranging channel, SOFAR
& 波速约为1.5公里/秒的海洋低速层。
T 震相||T& 海洋边缘的台站记录到的，沿SOFAR 声道传播的高频波。
WKBJ [理论]地震图||WKBJ [theoretical] seismogram
WKBJ法||Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-Jeffreys method, WKBJ method
[波的]转换||conversion [of waves]
[磁]脉动||[magnetic] pulsation
[地球]内核||[Earth's] inner-core
[地球]外核||[Earth's] outer-core
[地震]波导||[seismic] wave guide
[地震]层析成象||[seismic] tomography
[地震]场地烈度||[seismic] site intensity
[地震]检波器||geophone
[地震]矩密度张量||[seismic] moment-density tensor
[地震]矩张量||[seismic] moment tensor
[地震]马赫数||[seismic] Mach number
[地震]台阵||[seismic] array
[地震]应力降||[seismic] stress drop
[地震]震相||[seismic] phase
[地震波]走时||travel time
[地震波的]隧道效应||tunneling effect [of seismic wave]
[地震勘探]暗点||dim spot
[地震勘探]道内动平衡||dynamic equalization
[地震勘探]亮点||bright spot
[地震勘探]平点||flat spot
[短波]频率急偏||sudden frequency deviation, SFD
[短波通讯]中断||fadeout, blackout
[构造]板块||[tectonic] plate
[恒]星际空间||interstellar space
[检波器]排列||spread
[剪切耦合]PL波||[shear coupled] PL waves
[日]食效应||eclipse effect
[射线]发射法||[ray] shooting method
[射线]弯曲法||[ray] bending method
[天然]音频磁场法||audio frequency magnetic field method, AFMAG
“花园门”悬挂法||“garden gate” suspension
Ｄ区||D - region
Ｅ区||E - region
Ｆ1层||F1 layer
Ｆ1缘||F1 ledge
Ｆ2层||F2 layer
Ｆ区||F - region
α径迹测量||α-track etch survey
γ-γ测井||γ-γ logging
γ-中子法||γ-neutron method
γ能谱仪||γ spectrometer
τ法||τ method
τ函数||τ function
阿尔文层||Alfvēen layer
阿普尔顿异常||Appleton anomaly
艾里-海斯卡宁均衡||Airy-Heiskanen isostasy
艾里震相||Airy phase
凹凸体[震源模式]||asperity [source model]
奥杜瓦伊事件||Olduvai event
百分频率效应||percent frequency effect
板间地热带||interplate geothermal belt
板间地震||interplate earthquake
板块[大地]构造学||plate tectonics
板块碰撞||plate collision
板内地热系统||intraplate geothermal system
板内地震||intraplate earthquake
板内火山||intraplate volcano
剥地球[法]||stripping the Earth
暴时变化||storm-time variation, Dst
爆发簇射||explosive shower
爆炸地震学||explosion seismology
爆炸信号||time break
爆炸震源||explosive source
北极光||aurora borealis
背阳扇区||away sector
贝尼奥夫带||Benioff zone
贝尼奥夫地震仪||Benioff seismograph
被动源[方]法||passive source method
鼻哨||nose whistler
彼得森电导率||Pedersen conductivity
币形裂纹||penny-shaped crack
闭合回线场||closed loop field
闭锁断层||locked fault
变幅指数||range index
变频法||variable-frequency method
变质水||metamorphic water
玻什-大森地震仪||Bosch-Omori seismograph
波动方程偏移||wave equation migration
伯格反褶积||Burg deconvolution
伯克兰电流||Birkeland current
补偿深度||depth of compensation
补偿线性向量偶极||compensated linear vector dipole, CLVD
不变纬度||invariant latitude
布尔诺漂移||Brno excursion
布格校正||Bouguer reduction
布格异常||Bouguer anomaly
布莱克漂移||Blake excursion
布莱克事件||Blake event
布朗热改正||Browne correction
布利登指数||Briden index
布容期||Brunhes epoch
部分热剩磁||partial thermoremanent magnetization, PTRM
部分无滞剩磁||partial ARM, PARM
采点间精度||between-sites precision
采点内精度||within-sites precision
侧击波||side swipe
侧面波||lateral wave
侧向测井||laterolog
测点||survey station
测井||logging, well logging
测井图||& 又称“测井曲线”。
测量电极||potential electrode
测网||survey grid, network
测线||survey line, profile
测线束法||swath
测震学||seismometry
层面改正||bedding correction
层位拉平||horizon flattening
层状畴||lamellar domain
查普曼层||Chapman layer
查普曼生成函数||Chapman production function
产额函数||yield function
场[致]反向||field-reversal
场向不规则结构||field-aligned irregularity
场向电流||field-aligned current
长期变化||secular variation
超变质水||ultrametamorphic water
超导磁力仪||superconductive magnetometer, SQUID magnetometer
超导重力仪||superconductive gravimeter
超声成象测井||ultrasonic image logging
超压||overpressure
潮汐波||tidal wave
潮汐因子||tidal factor
潮汐运动||tidal motion
潮汐振荡||tidal oscillation
晨昏电场||dawn-dusk electric field
沉积后碎屑剩磁||post-depositional DRM
沉积剩磁||depositional remanent magnetization, DRM, depositional
沉积碎屑剩磁||depositional DRM
赤道电集流||equatorial electrojet
赤道异常||equatorial anomaly
充电法||‘mise-a-la-masse’method, excitation-at-the-mass method
臭氧层||ozonosphere
臭氧层顶||ozonopause
初定震中||Preliminary Determination of Epicenter, PDE
初动||first motion, first movement
初动近似||first motion approximation
初始参考地球模型||Preliminary Reference Earth Model, PREM
初始应力||initial stress, virgin stress
初相||initial phase
初至波||& 简称“P波”。
传播矩阵||propogator matrix
传导热流||conductive heat flow
传递函数||transfer function
船载重力仪||shipboard gravimeter
垂线偏差||deflection of the vertical
垂直地震测线法||vertical seismic profiles survey, VSP survey
垂直叠加||vertical stacking
垂直共面线圈系统||vertical coplanar coils system
垂直同轴线圈系统||vertical coaxial coils system
磁暴||magnetic storm
磁暴后效||after-effect of [magnetic] storm
磁北极||north magnetic pole
磁变仪||variometer
磁层||magnetosphere
磁层暴||magnetospheric storm
磁层顶||magnetopause
磁充电法||magnetic charging method
磁大地电流法||magnetotelluric method
磁地方时||magnetic local time
磁叠印||magnetic overprinting
磁法调查||magnetic survey
磁法勘探||magnetic prospecting
磁刚度||magnetic rigidity
磁钩扰||magnetic crochet
磁化率||susceptibility
磁化率测井||magnetic susceptibility logging
磁化率计||magnetic susceptibility meter
磁激发极化法||magnetic induced polarization method, MIP method
磁极归化||reduced to the magnetic pole
磁晶各向异性||magnetocrystalline anisotropy
磁静带||magnetic quiet zone
磁静日||magnetically quiet day, q
磁离子理论||magneto-ionic theory
磁力梯度仪||magnetic gradiometer
磁南极||south magnetic pole
磁偶极时||magnetic dipole time
磁偏角||declination
磁鞘||magnetosheath
磁倾极||dip pole
磁倾角||inclination, dip angle
磁清洗||magnetic cleaning, magnetic washing
磁情记数||magnetic character figure
磁扰||magnetic disturbance
磁扰日||magnetically disturbed day, d
磁通门磁力仪||flux-gate magnetometer
磁图||magnetic chart
磁湾扰||magnetic bay
磁尾||magnetotail
磁性地层学||magnetostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy
磁亚暴||magnetic substorm
磁余纬||magnetic colatitude
磁源重力异常||gravity anomaly due to magnetic body, pseudogravity
磁照图||magnetogram
磁组构||magnetic fabric
磁坐标||magnetic coordinate
次生磁化[强度]||secondary magnetization
次生剩磁||secondary remanent magnetization
措尔纳悬挂法||Zollner suspension
大地电流法||telluric [current] method
大地热流||terrestrial heat flow
大地水准面||geoid
大地位||geopotential
大角度反射||wide-angle reflection
大孔径地震台阵||large-aperture seismic array, LASA
大陆板块||continental plate
大陆分裂||continental splitting
大陆扩张||continental spreading
大陆漂移||continental drift
大陆拼合||continental fitting
大陆重建||continental reconstruction
大气边界||atmospheric boundary
大气标高||atmosphere scale height
大气不透明度||atmospheric opacity
大气参数||atmospheric parameter
大气潮汐||atmospheric tide
大气窗||atmospheric window
大气簇射||air shower
大气辐射||atmospheric radiation
大气光学厚度||atmosphere optical thickness
大气结构||atmospheric structure
大气模式||atmospheric model
大气涡度||atmospheric vorticity
大气吸收||atmospheric absorption
大气消光||atmospheric extinction
大气折射||atmospheric refraction
大气振荡||atmospheric oscillation
大气制动||atmospheric braking
大震||large earthquake, major earthquake
大震速报台网||Large Earthquake Prompt Report Network
单侧断裂||unilateral faulting
单畴颗粒||single domain particle
弹性回跳||elastic rebound
倒V事件||inverted-V event
倒转||retrograde
倒转检验||reversal test
岛弧地热带||island arc geothermal zone
导管||duct
导管传播||ducted propagation
导炸索||explosive cord
到时||arrival time
到时差||arrival time difference
道间均衡||trace equalization
德胡普变换||De Hoop transformation
等磁强线||isomagnetic line
等磁倾线||magnetic isoclinic line
等磁图||isomagnetic chart
等磁异常线||magnetic isoanomalous line
等地温面||geoisotherm, geotherm, isogeotherm
等离子体层||plasmasphere
等离子体层顶||plasmapause
等离子体片||plasmasheet
等离子体幔||plasma mantle
等年变线||isoporic line, isopore
等体积波||equivoluminal wave
等温层||isothermal layer
等温剩磁||isothermal remanent magnetization, IRM
等效电流系||equivalent current system
等压线||isopiestics
等震线||isoseismal line, isoseismal curve
等值线||contour line
等值线图||contour map
等值线图偏移||contour map migration
低层大气||lower atmosphere
低速层||low velocity layer, LVL
低速区||low velocity zone, LVZ
底视探测仪||bottom-side sounder
地表波||ground wave
地表地热显示||surface geothermal manifestation
地表热流||surface heat flow
地磁[学]||geomagnetism
地磁测量||& 简称“磁测”。
地磁极||geomagnetic pole
地磁极性[反向]年表||time-scale geomagnetic polarity [reversal]
地磁极性反向||geomagnetic polarity reversal
地磁年代学||geomagnetic chronology
地磁漂移||geomagnetic excursion
地磁指数||geomagnetic index
地磁轴||geomagnetic axis
地磁坐标||geomagnetic coordinate
地电断面||geoelectric cross section
地方震||local earthquake, local shock
地方震级||local magnitude
地光||earthquake light
地滚||ground roll
地壳||crust
地壳传递函数||crustal transfer function
地壳地震||crustal earthquake
地壳构造||Earth crust structure, crustal structure
地壳均衡[说]||isostasy
地壳形变||crustal deformation
地冕||geocorona
地面-井中方式||surface-borehole variant
地面查证||ground follow-up
地面运动||ground motion
地倾斜||earth tilt
地球||Earth
地球变平换算||Earth-flattening transformation
地球变平近似||Earth-flattening approximation
地球动力学||geodynamics
地球干涉量度学||terrestrial interferometry
地球模型||Earth model
地球谱学||terrestrial spectroscopy
地球温度计||geothermometer
地球物理测井||geophysical well-logging
地球物理勘探||geophysical exploration, geophysical
& 简称“物探”。
地球物理学||geophysics, physics of the Earth
地球物理异常||geophysical anomaly
地热||geoheat
地热调查||geothermal survey
地热活动||geothermal activity
地热勘探||geothermal prospecting
地热流体||geothermal fluid, geofluid
地热能||geothermal energy
地热水库||geothermal reservoir
地热田||geothermal field
地热系统||geothermal system
地热现象||geothermal phenomenon
地热学||geothermics
地热异常||geothermal anomaly
地热异常区||geothermally-anomalous area
地热资源||geothermal resources
地声||earthquake sound
地外震学||extra-terrestrial seismology
地温梯度||geothermal gradient
地下网格||subsurface grid
地形[影响]校正||terrain correction, topographic correction
地震||earthquake
地震标准层||seismic marker horizon, key bed
地震波||seismic wave, earthquake wave
地震波频散||seismic-wave dispersion
地震参数||seismic parameter
地震测井||well shooting
地震测深||seismic sounding
地震层位||seismic horizon
地震成因||cause of earthquake
地震触发器||seismic trigger
地震大小||earthquake size, shock size
地震带||seismic belt, belt of earthquakes
地震道||seismic channel
地震地质学||seismogeology
地震调查||seismic survey
地震定位||earthquake []
地震反射法||seismic reflection method
地震工程[学]||earthquake engineering
地震构造区||seismotectonic province
地震构造图||seismic structural map
地震构造学||seismotectonics
地震活动带||seismically active belt
地震活动区||seismically active zone
地震活动性||seismicity, seismic activity
地震活动性图象||seismicity pattern
地震机制||earthquake mechanism
地震计||seismometer
地震监测||seismic surveillance
地震警报||earthquake warning
地震矩||seismic moment
地震勘探||seismic prospecting
地震空区||seismic gap
地震力||earthquake force
地震烈度||earthquake intensity, seismic intensity
地震轮回||seismic cycle
地震面波||seismic surface wave
地震模型[学]||seismology model
地震目录||earthquake catalogue
地震能量||seismic energy
地震频度||earthquake frequency
地震破裂力学||earthquake rupture mechanics
地震迁移||earthquake migration
地震区||earthquake province, earthquake& region,
seismic zone
地震区划||seismic zoning, seismic regionalization
地震射线||seismic ray
地震社会学||seismosociology
地震数据预处理||seismic data preprocessing
地震台||& 又称“地震站”。
地震台网||seismic network
地震体波||seismic body wave, bodily seismic wave
地震统计[学]||earthquake statistics
地震图||seismogram
地震危险区||earthquake-prone area
地震危险性||seismic risk, earthquake risk
地震位错||seismic dis[], earthquake dis[]
地震吸收带||seismic absorption band
地震系列||earthquake series
地震相[勘探]||seismic facies
地震效率||seismic efficiency
地震序列||earthquake sequence, seismic sequence
地震学||seismology
地震研究观测台||Seismic Research Observatory, SRO
地震仪||seismograph
地震预报||earthquake forecasting
地震预测||earthquake prediction
地震预防||earthquake prevention
地震载荷||earthquake loading
地震折射法||seismic refraction method
地震重复率||earthquake recurrence rate
地震周期||earthquake period
地震周期性||earthquake periodicity
地震子波||seismic wavelet
地质雷达||geological radar
地幔||mantle
地幔对流||mantle convection
地幔对流环||mantle convection cell
地幔热流||mantle heat flow
地幔焰||& 地质学中称“地幔柱”。
第三期蠕变||tertiary creep
电测井||electrical logging
电测深||electrical sounding
电磁法||electromagnetic method
电磁感应法||electromagnetic induction method
电磁脉冲震源||electromagnetic vibration exciter
电磁式地震仪||electromagnetic seismograph
电导率测井||conductivity logging
电法调查||electrical survey
电法勘探||electrical prospecting
电极电位测井||electrode potential logging
电极排列||electrode array
电集流||electrojet
电离层||ionosphere
电离层暴||ionospheric storm
电离层测高仪||ionosonde
电离层顶||ionopause
电离层行扰||travelling ionospheric disturbance, TID
电离图||ionogram
电子总含量||total electron content, TEC
电阻率测井||resistivity logging
电阻率法||resistivity method
电阻率剖面法||resistivity profiling
吊舱系统||towed bird system
叠合解释||overlay interpretation
叠后偏移||post stack migration
叠加||stacking
叠加剖面图||stacked profiles map
叠加速度||stacking velocity
叠前偏移||prestack migration
顶视探测仪||top-side sounder
定源场||fixed source field
定源法||fixed source method
冬季异常||winter anomaly
动态范围||dynamic range
动态机械放大倍数||dynamical mechanical magnification
动校正||normal moveout correction, NMO&
正常时差校正。
动源法||moving source method
短棒图||stick plot
短波突然衰落||short wave fadeout, SWF
断层[作用]||faulting
断层地震||fault earthquake
断层面解||fault-plane solution
断面||section
断面图||section map
对称剖面法||symmetrical profiling
对称四极测深||symmetrical four-pole sounding
对称振型||symmetrical mode
对流层||troposphere
对流层顶||tropopause
对流环||convection cell
对流热流||convective heat flow
对日照||Gegenschein (德)
多畴颗粒||multidomain grain
多畴热剩磁||multidomain thermal remanence
多次反射||multiple reflection
多次覆盖||multiple coverage
多道地震仪||multichannel seismic instrument
多路编排||multiplex
多路解编||demultiplex
多频振幅相位法||multiple frequency amplitude-phase method, Turam
& 又称“土拉姆法”。
多重地震||multiple earthquake
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。< - industry features: Polarity and phase
Absolute polarity.&In phase. Sometimes audiophiles get confused. Which is which? Absolute polarity means that a leading edge is heard as a positive pressure wave or compression (higher density), not a negative wave or rarefaction (lower density or decompression). The term's absolutism suggests an unalterable constant. It indeed is in nature where transients are always on the rising first portion of the wave form. For playback purposes however, it is actually merely one of two possible results or outcomes. It is not a given. Hence in that sense, it's not an absolute, guarantee or unalterable constant. It merely means that the loudspeakers (wired properly in phase with each other yet possibly in inverted polarity relative to the source) interact with a given recording such that all transients initiate with a push of the drivers, not a pull. So there's recorded polarity which is unknown since there are n there's our system's polarity
and there's how both of them interact. Correct polarity for a playback system (which could mean inverted to compensate for inverted recorded polarity) is simply the one that, on any given recording or track, produces absolute polarity at the ear.
That's the thing to bear in mind. The only way to determine whether a transient attack is inverted by riding on a negative pressure wave is at the ear. The natural sharpness of attacks turns blunted. That's the theory. In practice, determining absolute polarity during playback gets complicated by the nonlinear phase behavior of the stereo loudspeaker pair. Depending on crossover slopes and whether all of the drivers are wired in phase (some speakers deliberately have tweeter and woofer push while the midrange pulls), speakers can introduce their own blunting and dulling of transients regardless of whether the received signal was in correct polarity or not. Then speaker setup, room size and listener distance introduce nonlinear phase rotations between direct and reflected signals to muddy the waters. Things get further complicated by the fact that most modern recordings are endlessly overdubbed, multi-mike'd, multi-tracked and heavily processed affairs often assembled of parts that were recorded in various locations. Chances for polarity reversal from track to track -- or even within a track or overlaid as opposing polarities -- are many. This results in an unpredictable and thus unknown recorded polarity.
In fact, there's a 50:50 chance that any given recording features inverted polarity. To correct those instances and enjoy absolute polarity at the ear as you would during any live acoustic event requires phase inversion somewhere in the playback chain. Preferably, this can be set on your CDP, DAC or preamp via remote phase reversal. Recorded polarity could vary from track to track or from side to side on an LP to make manual compensation less convenient. A last resort is flipping loudspeaker leads on one end but of course for both speakers. It's important to understand that the pursuit of absolute polarity -- or transient fidelity as it should be more helpfully thought of -- doesn't give a damn about whether your system, as is, inverts polarity or not. It's how recorded and system polarity add up from song to song that absolute polarity in audio is established. It can only be determined in situ, by ear - and only if the recording quality makes it transparent enoug if the speakers' own phase behav and if the speakers' interactions with a given room are such as to not dilute the differences of polarity into something far too marginal to be audible or meaningful.
After all, speaker crossovers that discombobulate the different frequency components riding on a transient (fundamentals and their harmonics) by spreading them out over different drivers (which suffer crossover-induced phase shifts at certain frequencies and may be out of phase with each other) are hardly the proper tool whereby to assess absolute polarity's &blatant audibility& which its champions tirelessly and often aggressively proclaim as though not hearing it rendered you deaf. The fact is, certain speakers and setups make it a non-issue as will many recordings. Mono is said to make it easier to hear than stereo. If you can't hear it, don't sweat it. Some polarity pundits simply must get a life and come off their high horses.
Further confusion on this topic arises from the conflict between absolute and measurable polarity such as the
System 2000 and EZ-Phase 2 allow for. Either self-generated electrically or acoustically or via special signals recorded on a CD, these tools allow you to determine unequivocally whether your system inverts polarity or not from component to component. Sources, preamps and amplifiers all may invert polarity.&Ditto for speakers. Measuring each component can determine this so that you can subsequently correct for it with the speaker cable. After all, regardless of how many inversions you may suffer, it's either in or out of polarity at the end. You need to fix it only once. If speaker phase is twinned because some drivers are in phase with the incoming signal while others are out of phase, you'd have to rewire the voice coil lead on the offending driver. Still, a measurably polarity-correct system does not guarantee that you're listening in absolute polarity. It depends on the given recording. That's a 50:50 crapshot. Overly processed and bollixed-up albums or tracks will often sound bad either way - different bad perhaps but bad nonetheless.
We're not entirely done yet. If you must correct for absolute polarity at the speaker leads rather than at the source or preamp, you're potentially changing THD in audibly significant ways. That depends on the amplifier/speaker interaction. Blame Eduardo de Lima of Audiopax for the math that explains this phenomenon to further confuse the polarity/phase issue. Connecting both your speakers out-of-phase relative to your amp can sound better than in phase. That's because just enough harmonic distortion cancellation occurs in one position -- i.e. some of the amp's THD is cancelled by being out of phase with the speaker's innate distortion -- that it sounds consistently better that way. This of course won't require endless flip-flopping of speaker leads. It's something you merely do once at the amplifier. Mind you, this adjustment is not about transient fidelity. It primarily affects timbre and tone. It's thus different from absolute polarity effects but could be the audibly more meaningful choice to make. That depends on your amplifier/speaker interface.
Finally, there's proper AC&polarity. Furutech for example adds an AC polarity indicator to some of its power bars to confirm without add-on gizmos whether your wall outlet is wired correctly or not. If you're on the US&three-prong system and find that your wall outlet is miswired, you can't just flip the plug as you can with EU Schuko plugs or speaker leads. You'll have to rewire the outlet. But even that is no guarantee that some power transformer inside your equipment may not be wired up wrongly. A highly credible manufacturer and modifier told me that this isn't quite as rare as it may sound but that the differences are quite audible. Welcome to the polarity/phase conundrum. At least now you know what those particular chat room threads are about that routinely flare up on this subject with much contentiousness. If you have a so-called phase switch or polarity inverter on one of your components, flip it and see whether it makes an audible difference. In theory, it should.&In practice, it may require an idealized circumstance such as mono playback of a single instrument over a single-driver zero-xover speaker to not be masked. In which case, absolute polarity is of only academic concern to most listeners whose circumstances introduce other playback artifacts that mask the absolute polarity consideration.
The best most of us with multi-driver stereo speakers in reverberant acoustics can probably hope for is to have the majority of recorded transients in the audibly most obvious range register in absolute polarity at our ears most of the time - as a compression rather than decompression event. The rest of the time, we'll suffer the opposite to likely end up close to where be began. Wth a 50:50 probability of getting it right or wrong. Much ado over nothing? You tell me.}